Unit 5 fungal diseases

how many cases and death of fungal diseases every year

Cases : 150 mil

Deaths: 1.7 mil

How many fungi are pathogenic and how many regularly causes human disease

Pathogenic; 400-500

Regularly: 30

Types of pathogenic fungi

Yeasts

Molds

Dimorphic fungi

Yeasts

• single celled

• reproduce via budding

• eg. candida, cryptococcus, malassezia

Molds

• complex structures including spores and hyphaes

• eg. aspergillus, dermatophytes, fusarium

Dimorphic fungi

• fungi that can switch between molds and yeasts

• Change form to adapt to tempature

• ex. hisoplasma, coccidiodes

Types of fungal disease

Superficial - outerlayers (skin, mucusm hair, nails)

subcutaneos - tissue and possibly bone

systemic - affects any organ (often starts in the lungs and spreads)

Superficial fungal diseases

Candidosis - oral, cutaneous, and vaginal (treat with topical antifungals)

dermatophysis

malassezia associated diseases

Subcutaneous fungal diseases

Mycetoma
Chromoblastomycosis
Sporotrichosis

usually treat with oral antifungals and even surgery

True fungal pathogens

-Histoplasmosis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Blastomycosis
• Paracoccidioidomycosis

Opportunistic pathogens

• Aspergillosis
• Candidosis
• Cryptococcosis
• Mucormycosis

Risk factors for systemic fungal diseases

any immunosuppressors, exxtremes of age, lifestyle choices, surgeries etc

True pathogens

occurs in healthy and immune compromized

occur as mold in the environment or yeast in the body

True pathogen examples

• Histoplasma capsulatum (Histoplasmosis)

• Blastomyces spp. (Blastomycosis)

• Coccidioides spp. (Coccidioidomycosis)

• Paracoccidioides spp. (Paracoccidioidomycosis)

Superficial / Subcutaneous examples

• Dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton) – Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)

• Malassezia spp. (Malassezia-associated diseases)

• Sporothrix spp. (Sporotrichosis)

Environmental examples

• Fusarium spp. (Opportunistic infections)

• Alternaria spp. (Environmental mould with opportunistic potential)