8/26 Chapter 1 Introduction to Microbes Part 1 (Down to first tophat Q)

For Background info she said to study the foundations of microbiology

Bacteria metabolism, and genetics as foundations

Read learning outcomes for…

What will be on exam

• Look at what slides correlate to what learning objectives ex: Learning objective 1 = slide 3 to 10

Where are microbes found?

Everywhere - Bodies, food & environment

• There are 10 times more microbes than human cells which are in specifically chosen areas

Microbes can be

Good or bad and can affect physical and mental health

Microbes are… (Also, what is microbiology?)

Tiny but mighty

• Microbiology is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily, too small to be seen without magnification (too small for the naked eye)

What are examples of microorganisms that were provided?

1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

3. Protozoa

4. Fungi

5. Helminths

6. Viruses (acellular, nonliving)

7. Prions (acellular, nonliving)

8. Algae

Typical examples of microorganisms include

Bacteria, Archaea, protozoa, and fungi

What is fungi?

Microscopic plant parasites that include mold, mildew, and yeast

• They can cause diseases

What are Helminths?

Worms. (Ex: Tapeworms, parasitic, flatworms, and round worms)

Are Helminths always microscopic?

They aren’t always microscopic, but in developmental stages they are which is why they are considered microorganisms

Are viruses and prions considered microorganisms?

They are not considered microorganisms/microbes because they are not living

Viruses and Prions are what two things?

Acellular and nonliving

• Acellular: contains no cells

What are prions?

Misfolded versions of normal proteins that can cause disease

• Made only a protein

• Cause mad-cow disease

What is algae?

Any photosynthetic protist that lives in water

• Can be microscopic and not as many disease diseases caused by algae

Of the examples of microorganisms that were provided which are prokaryotic/eukaryotic and unicellular/multicellular?

What are the three domains of Living things?

Bacteria, Archaea And eukaryotes

Can microorganisms be unicellular or multicellular

Yes, they can be both unicellular or multicellular

Are bacteria and Archaea Microorganisms? Unicellular/multicellular? Prokaryotic/eukaryotic?

They are both microorganisms that are unicellular and prokaryotic

Are Eukaryotes microorganisms? Unicellular/multicellular? And are all microscopic?

Some eukaryotic cells are microorganisms and some are not

• Sam not all are multicellular and some But not all our microscopic (ex: Helminths are eukaryotic but not all are microscopic)

What does prokaryotic mean?

It is pre-nucleus meaning it doesn’t have a true nucleus but it still contains DNA

• Only in bacteria and Archaea

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic is more about the organization of the DNA

  
  

What does eukaryotic mean?

The cell has a true nucleus

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic is more about the organization of the DNA

• Ex: animals, humans, fungi, and plants

All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells originate from…

A common cell/ancestor

• They are differentiated from evolution

Microbes have shaped what?

Microbes have shaped to the development of earths habitat for billions of years

Eukaryotes vs Bacteria/Archaea/Prokaryotes

• Bacteria: single cell, no true nucleus

• Archaea: Single cell, no true nucleus, distinct from bacteria

• Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea “pre-nucleus)

Bacteria and Archaea versus eukaryotes (What are the main differences?)

• bacteria and arcade are predominantly single celled

• Eukaryotes:

- many are single celled, but not all

- Developed into highly complex multicellular organisms

- Larger in size

-A small minority compared to bacteria and Archaea

What does Akaryotes mean?

It means “ No nucleus” And serves as an alternate term for prokaryotes

What are the differences between eukaryotes and Bacteria + Archaea When it comes to cellular organization?

Eukaryotes:

• Contain organelles: small, double membrane bound structures that perform specific functions: ex. Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast

• Some are microorganisms; some macroscopic

Bacteria and Archaea:

• 10 times smaller than eukaryotes

• Lack membrane bound organelles but they do still have ribosomes

• All are microorganisms

Microbes: tiny but mighty picture

Top Hat question 1: Which of the following is not considered a microbe? Bacterium, Alga, Mushroom, or protozoan?

Mushroom

• it is not microscopic

Top Hat question two: which is a microorganism? Prion, Virus, humans, or Archaea?

Archaea

• The others are not correct because a prion is not alive, A virus is not alive, and humans are too big

Place the organisms below and order from largest to smallest. Prion, bacterium, protozoan, virus, and Helminths

Largest smallest colon Helminths, protozoan, bacterium, virus, and prion

Which of the following are living, eukaryotic microbes? Fungi, viruses, Protozoa, and prions.

Fungi and Protozoa are living microbes

• The other two are not living