DNA and RNA – Nucleotides, sugars, and bases

Flashcards covering DNA and RNA as nucleic acids, their roles, nucleotide structure, sugars, bases, and translation.

What are DNA and RNA and where are they found?

They are nucleic acids found in all living cells, and both carry genetic information.

What is the primary function of DNA?

To store genetic information that directs growth and development from a fertilised egg to an adult.

What is the primary function of RNA?

To transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, and it participates in protein synthesis.

What are ribosomes and what do they do?

Ribosomes are the body's protein factories; they read RNA to synthesise polypeptides (proteins).

What is a nucleotide?

The monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.

What is the sugar in DNA called?

Deoxyribose.

What bases make up DNA?

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

What is the sugar in RNA called?

Ribose.

What bases are used in RNA and how do they differ from DNA?

RNA uses Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G); Uracil replaces thymine.

Are DNA and RNA polymers of nucleotides?

Yes, they are polymers made up of nucleotide monomers.

What does 'organic' mean in the context of nucleotides?

It means the molecule contains carbon.

What is translation?

The process by which ribosomes read RNA to synthesize proteins (polypeptides).