Chapter 8, AP Europe Chapter 6 and Chapter 7, AP Europe Chapter 5

The heart of the eighteenth-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in ________.

the West Indies

As a result of a scarcity of labor, which of the following nations were the first to quickly turn to importing African slaves?

Spain and Portugal

Colonial trade in the transatlantic world roughly followed a ________.

triangle

The War of Jenkins's Ear was fought by England to block incursions on British trade by ________.

Spain

Maria Theresa's great achievement was ________.

the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as a major political power

The Seven Years' War was fought mainly in ________.

North America

Europe's balance of power was upset when Prussia's King Frederick II seized the Austrian province of ________.

Silesia

Benjamin Franklin gained assistance against Britain from ________.

France

Britain changed the outcome of the Seven Years' War when it came to the aid of ________.

Prussia -------Page Ref: 293

The war that gave the world a successful government without kings was the ________.

American Revolution

To what region was the greatest number of slaves sent?

the West Indies

Which of the following factors allowed European nations to exert influence and dominance over much of the world?

technological superiority

Under mercantilism, colonies existed to provide markets and natural resources for the industries of the home country, and in turn, the home country was to ________.

protect and administer the colonies

Frederick II's invasion of Silesia offset the continental balance of power and ________.

shattered the provisions of the Pragmatic Sanction

At the outbreak of the French and Indian War, new political alliances formed in Europe and included an alliance between ________.

France and Austria

What was the outcome of the 1783 Treaty of Paris?

The treaty granted independence to the American colonies.

At the conclusion of the French and Indian War, what two imperial problems did the British government face?

the costs of maintaining its empire and the vast expanse of new territory in North America that it had to organize

What did the world learn about the Atlantic Passage from memoirs and ships logs?

The process of moving Africans to the Americas was horrific and inhumane.

What conditions in Africa facilitated the capture and forced transport of African slave labor?

political unrest and inter-tribal warfare

What advantage did the peninsulares receive in the Spanish Colonies?

They received the best, most profitable jobs in the region.

The Yorkshire Association Movement was started in England to ________.

reform the government

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

Britain received all of Canada, the Ohio River valley, and the eastern half of the Mississippi River valley.

The use of Coromantee illustrates ________.

the survival of African culture under slavery

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748, resulted in which of the following?

Prussia retained Silesia.

The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was ________.

a shift in alliances

The scientific facts that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by ___

Johannes Kepler

Who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth-centered universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

Who is known as the father of empiricism?

Francis Bacon

Descartes divided existing things into two categories: body and ___

mind

Hobbes saw human beings as ___

self-centered, power-hungry creatures

Maria Winkelmann made her contribution in the field of ___

astronomy

What percentage of people accused of witchcraft in the early modern period were women?

80%

Galileo named the moons of Jupiter after the Medicis because ___

he wanted to flatter his patrons

Baroque art became associated with ___

Roman Catholicism

Brahe's assistant was ___

Johannes Kepler

The scientist most known for his work on the laws of gravitation was ___

Isaac Newton

Francis Bacon believed that ___

knowledge of nature should be used to improve the human condition

In Locke's view, the relationship between rulers and the governed land had its foundations in ___

trust

According to Pascal's famous wager, ___

it is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain a lot; if God should prove not to exist, comparatively little would have been lost

The most elaborative baroque monument to political absolutism was ___

Louis XIV's palace at Versailles

Which of these first argued convincingly for the heliocentric model model of the universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

The Berlin Academy of Science denied Maria Winkelmann's application to continue her husband's study because

she was a women

According to Francis Bacon, the Bible and nature___________.

must be compatible since they share the same author

In eighteenth-century Europe, the nobility consisted of approximately ________ of the population.

1 to 5 percent

French nobles were divided between nobles "of the sword" and nobles "of the ________."

Robe

Most Europeans in the 1700s took part in the _________ economy.

Family

Introduced from the New World, what new product allowed a more certain food supply in Europe and enabled more children to survive to adulthood and rear children of their own?

Potato

What industry pioneered the Industrial Revolution?

Textiles

The Industrial Revolution came first to ________.

Britain

The bourgeoisie was the ________ class.

Urban Middle

What inventor became famous for using an iron plow and planting wheat with a drill?

Jethro Tull

The first engine using steam power was invented by ________.

Thomas Newcomen

The term "Old Regime" has come to refer
to the ________.

the social, political, and economic relationships in Europe before the French Revolution.

Factory production of purely cotton
fabric was made possible by the
invention of the ________.

water frame

Given what you know about the impact of
the Industrial Revolution on the lives of
women, which of the following
statements is most applicable?

The role and importance of women already in the work force diminished

Which of the following was a clearly
defined long-term result of the shift in
female employment?

Women's work became associated with the home rather than with the places where men worked.

The change that rationalized the use of
land and created higher productivity was
the ________.

Agricultural Revolution.

What event probably marks the start of
the age of the ghetto?

The expulsion of the Jews from Spain.

How did the North American colonies impact the Industrial Revolution?

They increased demand for consumer goods.

Landlords considered Russian serfs to
be ________.

economic commodities

The seven provinces that became the United Provinces of the Netherlands emerged as a nation in 1572 after revolting against ________.

Spain

What government was able to build a strong monarchy with a secure financial base that was not dependent on noble estates, diets, or assemblies?

political absolutism embodied in France

The Militia Ordinance gave English Parliament the power to ________.

raise its own army

Who were the supporters of Charles I and Parliament in the English Civil War?

the Cavaliers and the Roundheads respectively

After Cromwell's death, the English were soon ready to restore ________.

the monarchy and the Anglican Church

According to advocates of the "divine right of kings," kings could be judged only by ________.

God

King Louis XIV made life difficult for ________.

Huguenots

The organization that formed to resist the military aggression of Louis XIV was the
________.

League of Augsburg

John Locke argues against absolute monarchy in his ________.

Second Treatise of Civil Government

The document authorizing succession of the Habsburg crown through the female heir, Maria Theresa, was the ________.

Pragmatic Sanction

Under the rule of Peter the Great, Russia's boyars ________.

lost much of their power

St. Petersburg ________.

exemplified Russia's new orientation to the West

Michael Romanov was the ________.

first of the Romanov dynasty to rule Russia

The Great Northern War involved what two nations?

Russia and Sweden

Peter the Great's inspiration for rebuilding his court in St. Petersburg was ________.

Versailles

Changes in military structure and technologies ________.

favored absolute monarchies over republics

Which of the following is true of the Netherlands?

Toleration marked the Dutch religious life where peoples of differing religious faiths lived together peacefully.

What were the two dominant models of European political development in the early modern period?

parliamentary monarchy and political absolutism

What policies did Sir Robert Walpole promote as chief minister in England

He maintained peace abroad and promoted religious and political liberty at home

Under Oliver Cromwell, England was officially ________.

a Puritan republic

In the treaty of Dover, Charles II and Louis XIV's secret agreement called for Charles II to__________

announce his conversion for Catholicism, and in exchange Louis Xiv promised to pay Charles a substantial subsidy

Which of the following events completed the Glorious Revolution?

William and Mary were proclaimed English monarchs.

Which of the following dynasties is correctly identified with the region it ruled?

Hohenzollern dynasty in Prussia

Poland is an example of a state that was weak because of _______.

the ascendancy of its nobility

The Habsburg Empire can be described as ________.

large but divided

What was the effect in France of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the ensuing religious repression?

France became a symbol of intolerance.

How did Frederick William I differ from Frederick the Great in use of military power?

Frederick William I avoided putting his powerful army into places of conflict, while Frederick the Great advanced destructive invasions

Peter the Great attempted to emulate which political model?

French absolutism

When James I and Charles I attempted to rule as strong monarchs, they were blocked primarily by ________.

Parliament