ADV.UNIT 5

(be) a long way off

at a long distance away or long period of time in the future

accelerate

to start to go faster

alternative

that can be used instead of sth else

carbon footprint

sb's carbon footprint is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce

carbon neutral

not adding to the total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

chug

to move making the sound of an engine running slowly

come a long way

to have made a lot of progress

cross paths with

to meet sb, especially by chance

flash

to move very fast

fossil fuel

fuels, such as gas, coal, and oil, that were formed underground from plant and animal remains millions of years ago

further down the road

at some time in the future

hop

to go somewhere quickly or to get into or out of a vehicle quickly

lose track of

to not have information about what is happening or where sb/sth is

main

being the largest or most important of its kind

make your way (into)

to move or get somewhere; to make progress

(be) on the right track

to think or behave in the right way

only

used to say that no other or others of the same group exist or are there

pop

to go to a particular place

smooth the path (for)

to make it easier for sb/sth to develop or make progress

stop dead in your tracks

to suddenly stop because sth has frightened or surprised you

stroll

to walk somewhere in a slow, relaxed way

sustainable

involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment

(reach) the end of the road

the point at which sth can no longer continue in the same way

trudge

to walk slowly with a lot of effort, especially over a difficult surface or while carrying sth heavy

zoom

to move very quickly

alternate

happening or following one after the other regularly

compulsive

that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting

compulsory

that must be done because of a law or a rule

definite

sure or certain; unlikely to change

definitive

considered to be the best of its kind and almost impossible to improve

economic

connected with the trade, industry and development of wealth of a country, an area or a society

economical

providing good service or value in relation to the amount of time or money spent

extreme

not ordinary or usual; serious or severe

historic

important in history; likely to be thought of as important at some time in the future

historical

connected with the past

notable

deserving to be noticed or to receive attention; important

noticeable

easy to see or notice; clear or definite

technical

connected with the practical use of machinery, methods, etc. in science and industry

technological

connected with technology

crackdown

severe action taken to restrict the activities of criminals or of people opposed to the government or sb in authority

downpour

a heavy fall of rain that often starts suddenly

hold-up

a situation in which sth is prevented from happening for a short time

outbreak

the sudden start of sth unpleasant, especially violence or a disease

outcome

the result or effect of an action or event

outlook

the probable future for sb/sth; what is likely to happen

run-up

a period of time leading up to an important event

setback

a difficulty or problem that delays or prevents sth, or makes a situation worse

absolute

total and complete

chief

most important

entire

including everything, everyone or every part

exact

correct in every detail

foremost

the most important or famous; in a position at the front

gross

very obvious and unacceptable

major

very large or important

principal

most important; main

real

actually existing or happening and not imagined or pretended

sheer

used to emphasize the size, degree or amount of sth

sole

only; single

specific

detailed and exact

total

including everything

utter

used to emphasize how complete sth is

the Antipodes

a way of referring to Australia and New Zealand

equator

an imaginary line around the Earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles

greenhouse gas

a gas that causes the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide

hemisphere

one half of the Earth, especially the half above or below the equator

latitude

the distance of a place north or south of the equator, measured in degrees

longitude

the distance of a place east or west of the Greenwich meridian, measured in degrees

mitigation

a reduction in how unpleasant, serious, etc. sth is

the Pacific Rim

the countries around the Pacific Ocean, especially the countries of eastern Asia, considered as an economic group

prime meridian

a line of longitude at which longitude is defined as zero degrees

renewable energy

energy that is produced using the sun, wind, etc., or from crops, rather than using fuels such as oil or coal

the Subcontinent

a large land mass that forms part of a continent, especially the part of Asia that includes India, Pakistan and Bangladesh

tropic

one of the two imaginary lines drawn around the world 23° 26' north or south of the equator

zero-emission

used to describe a vehicle that does not produce gases that cause pollution