1.2 China, Ethiopia 2 contrasting countries population change over time

Natural increase in China v Ethiopia?

China - Natural increase (birth rate): Birth rate around 6.4 births per 1,000 people (2024).

Ethiopia - Natural increase (birth rate): Around 31 births per 1,000 people.

Death rate in in China v Ethiopia?

China - Death rate: Around 7.8 deaths per 1,000 people.

Ethiopia - Death rate: Around 6 deaths per 1,000 people.

Fertility rate in China v Ethiopia?

China -Fertility rate: Approximately 1.0 children per woman.

Ethiopia - Fertility rate: About 4.0 children per woman.

Dependency ratio in in China v Ethiopia?

China -Dependency ratio: Around 46 dependents per 100 working-age people.

Ethiopia - Dependency ratio: Approximately 75 dependents per 100 working-age people.

Life expectancy in China v Ethiopia?

China -Life expectancy: About 78 years.

Ethiopia - Life expectancy: Around 67 years.

Demographic transition in China v Ethiopia?

China -Demographic transition stage: Stage 5 (declining and ageing population).

Ethiopia - Demographic transition stage: Stage 2/3 (rapid growth).

Population growth/decline

Extra stat: China’s population declined by about 2 million people in 2024.

Extra stat: Ethiopia’s population is over 130 million and growing by 2.5% annually.

I can evaluate how development influences demographic patterns

• More developed countries usually have low birth rates, low death rates, and ageing populations because of better healthcare, education, and access to contraception.

• Less developed countries often have high birth rates and faster natural increase because of limited healthcare and higher infant mortality.

• Example: China has a fertility rate of about 1.0 children per woman and is in DTM Stage 5, while Ethiopia has a fertility rate of around 4.0 and is in DTM Stage 2/3.

• Development also increases life expectancy — around 78 years in China compared to 67 years in Ethiopia.

• Economic development causes urbanisation and migration to cities for jobs and services.

I can interpret and compare population pyramids

• A wide base shows a high birth rate and youthful population.

• A narrow base shows a low birth rate and ageing population.

• A triangular pyramid usually represents a developing country with rapid growth (e.g. Ethiopia).

• A rectangular or top-heavy pyramid represents a developed country with low birth rates and longer life expectancy (e.g. China).

• Large numbers of elderly people increase the dependency ratio and pressure healthcare and pensions.

• Example comparison: Ethiopia has about 75 dependents per 100 workers, while China has around 46 dependents per 100 workers.