alveoli

What gases are involved in gas exchange?

Oxygen (O₂) and Carbon Dioxide (CO₂).

How does emphysema affect the alveoli?

The walls break down, reducing surface area for gas exchange.

What is the main cause of cystic fibrosis?

A faulty inherited gene from both parents.

How does the structure of the alveoli help with gas exchange?

They have thin walls, a moist surface, a large surface area, and a good blood supply.

What are alveoli?

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

What is the function of capillaries in gas exchange?

They surround the alveoli and allow gases to move between the blood and lungs.

What role does the trachea play in the respiratory system?

It is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs.

What happens during an asthma attack?

The airways become inflamed and narrow, muscles tighten, mucus builds up, making it harder to breathe.

What common triggers can cause an asthma attack?

Smoking, air pollution, allergens, and exercise.

How does emphysema develop over time?

Long-term exposure to irritants damages alveoli, reducing their surface area and making breathing difficult.

What are some treatments for asthma?

Inhalers, avoiding triggers, and anti-inflammatory medications.

What are treatment options for emphysema?

Oxygen therapy, quitting smoking, and breathing exercises.

What is the purpose of physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis treatment?

It helps clear mucus from the lungs.

What are some symptoms of asthma?

Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

What are the features of the alveoli that facilitate effective gas exchange?

Thin walls, moisture, large surface area, and capillary networks.

What is a major symptom of emphysema?

Shortness of breath, even at rest.

What is the definition of cystic fibrosis?

A genetic disorder caused by a faulty inherited gene affecting mucus clearance in lungs and digestion.