Introduction to Communication Sciences and Disorders

SLP

Speech-Language Pathologist, a communication specialist.

AUD

Audiologist, a hearing specialist.

ASHA

American Speech and Language Hearing Association.

Communication

Meaningful exchange between sender and receiver.

Speech

Articulation/oral-motor process of making sounds.

Language

Meaning and rules for using speech effectively.

Hearing

Ability to distinguish/process sounds.

Speech Disorder

Interrupted process in speech production.

Language Disorder

Issues with structured communication conventions.

Hearing Disorder

Loss of sound processing ability or awareness.

Place of Articulation

Locations in oral cavity affecting sound production.

Voice

Sounds can be voiced or voiceless.

Manner of Articulation

Ways speakers constrict airflow during speech.

Building Blocks of Language

Content, Form, Use: core language components.

Difference vs. Disorder

Difference: varying comm ability from mainstream; Disorder: diminished function.

Code Switching

Varying dialect use in different contexts.

Dialect

Variation in language by geographical area.

Lobes of the Brain

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital

Respiration

Breathing process essential for speech production.

Phonation

Process of sound production using vocal folds.

Epiglottis

Protects airways by blocking non-air materials.

Velum

Controls airflow between oral and nasal cavities.

Articulators

Structures involved in sound production.

Articulation Disorder

Difficulty producing sounds with oral-motor movements.

SODA

Types of speech errors: Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition.

Phonological Disorder

Difficulty understanding speech rules beyond age.

Dysarthria

Speech disorder caused by muscle weakness.

Apraxia

Motor planning disorder affecting speech production.

Phonology

structure of how to use speech sounds

Morphology

internal organization of words (free/bound)

Syntax

linguistic conventions for word order