legitimacy

thin democracy

• Voting is the main form of political engagement.

• Citizens have rights, but they may not actively participate in shaping policies.

• Political decisions are often left to elected representatives and institutions.

• There is little emphasis on deliberation, community involvement, or social equity.

thick democracy

• Citizens participate in grassroots movements, activism, and public debates.

• Decision-making is not just limited to elections but involves continuous public engagement.

• Institutions work to ensure social justice, equity, and inclusion.

• Civic education and community organizing are important.

Electoral process and pluralism:

Free and fair elections are the cornerstone of any democracy. They ensure that the government reflects the will of the people. This category checks the openness and competitiveness of the electoral process.

Functioning of government

A well-functioning government is essential for implementing policies effectively and maintaining the rule of law. This category assesses the quality of governance.

Political participation

Citizens' engagement in and participation in the political process is a key measure of a democracy's health. This includes voter turnout, party membership, and other forms of civic engage

Political culture:

Citizens' beliefs, values, and attitudes toward their political system influence the stability and quality of democracy

Civil liberties

 The protection of x including freedom of expression, assembly, and religion, is fundamental to a democracy. These rights are essential for political debate and opposition.

State Legitimacy

: This indicator assesses the level of public confidence and acceptance of the state’s governance. x is a critical factor in ensuring stability because it reflects the population's belief in the state's authority and its governance systems. A lack of legitimacy can lead to the fragility of a state to increase, or become a fragile state

human rights and rule of law

. It is a key measure of a government's commitment to justice and fair treatment of its citizens. Protecting human rights and adhering to the rule of law is fundamental to maintaining social order and ensuring that citizens' rights are respected and protected. Violations of human rights and a weak rule of law can undermine the state's legitimacy and lead to instability.

fragile state index

indicated by the legitimacy of a state, and human rights rule of law due to its role in having a state maintain social order, prevent conflict, and foster sustainable development. When these aspects are compromised, the state becomes more vulnerable to instability and conflict.