The Integumentary System 1 - Dermis and skin pigmentation

Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that provides support, strength, and flexibility, containing blood vessels, nerves, and sensory receptors.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin that acts as a barrier to protect underlying tissues.

Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Layer

The layer of loose connective tissue beneath the dermis that connects the skin to underlying tissues and contains fat cells.

Papillary Layer

The superficial layer of the dermis made of areolar tissue, containing small capillaries, lymphatics, and sensory neurons.

Reticular Layer

The deeper layer of the dermis made of dense irregular connective tissue, providing strength and flexibility through collagen and elastic fibers.

Skin Turgor

The elasticity of the skin and its ability to change shape and return to normal, often assessed to evaluate hydration status.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin, characterized by itch or pain, often caused by infection, radiation, or chemicals.

Cleavage Lines

Patterns of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis that determine the direction of skin tension and healing of cuts.

Melanin

A yellow-black pigment produced by melanocytes that protects DNA in skin cells from sun damage and is responsible for skin color.

Carotene

An orange-yellow pigment that accumulates in the epidermal cells and fatty tissues of the dermis, which can be converted to vitamin A.

UV Radiation

Ultraviolet light from the sun that can cause skin damage and is linked to the production of melanin for protection.

Vitamin D Synthesis

The process by which the skin produces vitamin D in response to sunlight, essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption.

Rickets

A condition in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to softening and weakening of bones.

Albinism

A genetic condition characterized by a deficiency in melanin production, resulting in lighter skin and increased sensitivity to UV radiation.

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin due to reduced oxygen supply in the blood, often indicating a medical condition.

Vitiligo

A skin condition characterized by loss of pigmentation, resulting in white patches on the skin.

Tactile Corpuscles

Sensory receptors in the skin that detect light touch.

Lamellated Corpuscles

Sensory receptors that detect deep pressure and vibration.