Private Pilot Checkride Oral Exam Study Guide

VFR DAY

A-

T-

O-

M-

A-

T-

O-

F-

L-

A-

M-

E-

S-

Airspeed Indicator

Tachometer (RPM gauge)

Oil Temperature Gauge (air cooled engines)

Manifold Pressure

Altimeter

Temperature Gauge(Only in Liquid cooled engines)

Oil Pressure

Fuel gauges

Landing Gear Indication System

Anti Collision lights( Beacon Light)

Magnetic Compass

ELT

Seatbelts

VFR NIGHT

F-

L-

A-

P-

S-

Fuses

Landing Lights

Anti Collision Lights (Beacon Light)

Position Lights

Source Of Power

NTSB

National Transportation Safety Board , perform investigations on accidents. Must be notified of crash or accident. you have 10 days to file a report

Difference between accident and incident

Accident- anything $25,000 and over in damages and/or someone sustained a serious injury

Incident- below $25,000 in damages no serious injury

IFR standards

Ceilings below 10,000 AGL , 3 SM visibility

Marginal VFR

1,000-3,000 AGL , 3-5 SM visibiility

What are the four types of Notams ?

D- anything that has to do with the Airport

FDC- Notams referring to charts

Pointer-refer to another Notam (point to it)

Military- Military use

what are LAHSO?

Landing

And

Hold

Short

Operations

What is Runway Incursion?

Anytime an aircraft is on a runway they are not suppose to be on.

5 P Check

Plane

Pilot

Passengers

Plan

Programing

what is ADM (aeronautic decision making) consist of?

D- Detect the problem

E-Estimate what you need to do

C- Choose best course of action

I- Identify what to do

D- Do It

E- Evaluate

what is the P.A.V.E acronym stand for

Pilot in command

Aircraft

Environment

External Pressures

What is the IMSAFE checklist?

Illness

Medication

Stress level

Alcohol

Fatigue

Eating/Emotion

what is CFIT?

Control

Flight

Into

Terrain

(when a pilot crashes or has an accident while in control into terrain such as a very hard landing or flying into a mountain at night)

What is the Airspace Alphabet?

Class Memory aid

A Altitude

B Big

C Crowded

D Dialogue ( communication)

E Elsewhere

G Go For It

Which airspaces are controlled and Which are uncontrolled?

Controlled- A,B,C,D,E

Uncontrolled - G

What are the requirements and details of Class A Airspace?

Starts at 18,000 MSL and goes up to FL600 (60,000)

Pilot must be IFR Rated

VFR Flight is Prohibited

Plane must be IFR equipped

IFR clearance must be established through ATC

Mode C transponder

What are the requirements and details of Class B airspace?

Shown on sectional as SOLID BLUE LINE surrounding primary airport.

Must be cleared into airspace to enter, the ATC controller must read your tail number and give you permission to enter.

Normally starts from surface to 10,000 MSL but can start at other altitudes according to sectional.

Requirements

You must be a Private Pilot or have the proper endorsements to be a student soloing.

Must have a communication radio

Must be able to navigate

4096 Transponder with Mode C and Encoding altimeter, Transponder is required within 30 NM and up to 10,000

What are the Requirements and details of Class C Airspace?

Shown on Sectional as SOLID MAGENTA LINE surrounding primary airport

Inner circle goes out 5 NM and normally up to 4,000 AGL

Outer circle goes out 10 NM and normally ranging 1,200-4,000 AGL

Outer Area Goes 20 NM out

Requirements

Must have two way Radio

Mode C transponder with altitude encoding capability

Must establish two way radio communication to enter(must read tail number to enter)

What are the requirements and details of Class D airspace?

Shown on Sectional with BLUE SEGMENTED LINE (D=Dashed Blue Line)

Core Area is 5 SM

Must establish two way communication

Normally goes from the surface to 2,500 feet AGL

Requirements

VHF Transponder and receiver

Must call to transition through the airspace

What are the Requirements and Details of Class E airspace?

(think E elsewhere, anywhere thats controlled airspace not labeled any other type of airspace where you fly)

Goes up to but not including 18,000 MSL

Shown on Sectional as SEGMENTED MAROON LINE

What is s Class G airspace?

At airports that are uncontrolled and have no ring around the airport on a sectional. goes up to but not including 1,200 MSL

NDB

Non Directional Beacon, Doesn't send out radials

VOR

Form of Radio navigation, Sends out 360 radials

Types of VOR's

VHF OMNI RANGE (VOR)

VORTAC- Military

VOR-DME

DME

Distance Measuring Equipment, only based off certain VOR's

RAIM

Receiver Anonymous Integrity Monitoring, Capability for GPS to monitor itself to make sure its getting the correct signal. must have 5 satellites in view

WAS (GPS)

Wide Area Augmentation system, series of ground based stations that corrects the GPS signal in aircraft. makes it much more accurate.

Steps for a Diversion on a Cross Country (5 T's)

Time

Turn

Twist

Throttle

Talk

What is the range for communication frequencies

118.0 to 136.975

CTAF

Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (used mainly in pattern)

UNICOM

Frequency for services

ATIS

AUTOMATIC Terminal Information Service

AWOS

AUTOMATED Weather Observing System

What are the regulations regarding Alcohol and Drugs

Alcohol

8 Hours bottle to throttle

.04 is Highest BAC allowed

No Pilot should allow an intoxicated person on board of the aircraft unless a medical patient with doctors orders.

Drugs

Anything that affects your perception/reaction time is prohibited to fly on.

When are seatbelt required to be worn?

Required for for passengers when moving on ground (taxiing , landing, takeoff)

Flight Crew must have safety belts on on at all times unless shoulder harness gets in way of duties.

What is the Right Of Way Hierarchy

1- Balloons

2- Gliders

3- Airships

4- Airplanes

5- Rotorcraft

Airspeed limits

Below 10,000 - 250 KIAS

Above 10,000 - Unrestricted

Inside B,D or C airspace (airport airspace) - 200 KIAS

What are the minimum altitudes?

Above a city- 1,000 above highest obstacle, and 2,000 feet around any Person, Vessel, or building.

Non Congested area- 500 feet above the surface except over open water or sparsely populated area you may go a close as you would like.

U.S State park/national forrest - They request you to stay 2,000 feet above

What are the emergency squad codes?

7500- Hijack

7600- Radios

7700- Emergency

What are the eligibility requirements for a private pilot?

Must be at least 17 years old.

be able to read, speak and understand English.

Hold a U.S. Student pilot certificate , Sport pilot certificate , or recreational pilot certificate.

Hold at least a third class medical certificate.

received the required ground and flight training endorsements.

meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements.

passed the required knowledge and practical tests.

What is meant by an aircraft category?

a BROAD classification. ex. airplane, rotorcraft, glider

What is meant by an aircraft class?

A classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics. ex. single engine land , multi engine land

what is meant by an aircraft type?

a specific make and basic model of aircraft including modifications that do not change its handling of flight characteristic. ex B-777 , C-172

What documents are required to be on board the aircraft prior to flight.

A-Airworthiness certificate

R- Registration Certificate

O- Operating limitations

W- Weight and Balance

If a pilot changes his/her permanent mailing address and fails to notify the FAA of the new address how long may the pilot continue to exercise the privileges of his/her pilot certificate?

30 days after the date of the move.

What are the V speeds for a Cessna 172?

VR(Rotate speed)- 55 (no flaps) , 51 (10 degrees flaps)

VSO(stall speed)- 40

VS1 ( Stall Speed clean)- 48

VX(best angle)- 62

VY(best rate)-74

VG(best glide)- 68

VFE- 0-10 degree flaps below 110 , 20-30 below 85

VA(maneuvering speed)- 90-105

VNO(max cruise speed)-129

VNE(never exceed)-163

What is Load Factor?

load factor is the ratio of the maximum load an aircraft can sustain to the gross weight of the aircraft. The load factor is measured in Gs (acceleration of gravity), a unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity on a body at rest and indicates the force to which a body is subjected when it is accelerated.

what are the requirements to remain current as a Private Pilot?

within the preceding 24 months(2 years), accomplished a flight review.

To carry passengers you must accomplish 3 takeoffs and landing as PIC of the same category and class of aircraft you are pilot of.

if operations are to be conducted during the time beginning with 1hour after sunset and ending one hour before sunrise with passengers on board. the PIC must have made three takeoffs and three full stop landings in the same category and class within preceding 90 days.

To exercise the privileges of a private pilot certificate what medical certificate is required and how long is it valid?

a private pilot must hold at least a third class medical.

If under the age of 40 the medical expires on the last day of the 60th month(5 years)

If Over 40 the medical expired on the last day of the 24th month(2 years)

When does an aircrafts registration expire?

three years after the last day of the month when they were issued

MSL

main sea level, used to show field elevation , and obstructions on a sectional

AGL

Above Ground Level , meters and Tafs are in AGL

Lines of Variation

difference between true north and magnetic north

Density Altitude

Pressure altitude corrected for non standard pressure , temperature and humidity affects this

Gyroscope

wants to stay where its at, doesn't want to move

principles- rigidency in space , precession

Gyroscopic precession

when gyro is spinning is force is applied it will be felt in 90 degrees.

What instruments are run through a Gyro?

attitude indicator, Heading indicator, turn coordinator

What instruments are run through the pitot static system?

airspeed indicator, Vertical speed indicator, Altimeter

what are the left turning tendencies?

spirling slipstream, gyroscopic precession, torque effect, P factor

Adverse Yaw

A condition of flight which the nose of an airplane tends to yaw toward the outside of the turn. caused by higher induced drag on the outside of the wing

Angle of attack

the acute angle formed between the chord line of an airfoil and the direction of the air striking the airfoil.