Digestive System Organs

Spleen

Largest lymphoid organ

Upper left abdominal cavity posterior to stomach

Where is the spleen located?

Upper esophageal sphincter and lower esophageal sphincter

What are the sphincters of the esophagus?

Cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

What is the upper esophageal sphincter?

Diaphragmatic musculature forming esophageal hiatus

What is the lower esophageal sphincter?

Inferior to diaphragm and liver

Where is the stomach located?

Fundus, body, cardia, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, greater curvature, and lesser curvature

What are the parts of the stomach?

Cardia (cardial orifice)

Part of stomach surrounding _________ orifice (opening where esophagus enters stomach)

Fundus

Part of stomach superior to cardial notch (formed from superior stomach and cardia)

Body

Large midportion of stomach

Pyloric antrum to pyloric canal

Funnel-shaped region of stomach leading to pyloric orifice

right

The lesser curvature is the right/left border of the stomach

left

The greater curvature is the right/left border of the stomach

Rugae

What are the folds of the stomach referred to as?

Mucosa and submucosa of stomach

What are the rugae of the stomach folds of?

During contraction of smooth muscle of stomach or when it is empty

When are the rugae of the stomach present?

Small intestine

Where does most digestion and absorption occur?

Duodenojejunal flexure

Where does the jejunum begin?

Ileocecal junction

Where does the ileum end?

Smaller circular folds

How is the ileum different than the jejunum?

Medial to duodenum

Where is the head of the pancreas located?

Posterior to stomach

Where is the body and tail of the pancreas located?

endocrine; exocrine

The pancreas has both _____________ and _____________ functions

Pancreatic islet cells

What cells are responsible for the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Insulin and glucagon

What do the pancreatic islet cells secrete?

Levels of glucose in cells and blood

What do insulin and glucagon control?

Acini cells

What cells are responsible for the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Digestive enzymes

What do the acini cells of the pancreas secrete?

Duodenum

Where do the secretions of the acini cells travel to?

Portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct

What make up the portal triad?

O2 poor, nutrient rich

What kind of blood is found in a hepatic portal vein?

O2 rich, nutrient moderate

What kind of blood is found in a hepatic artery?

Hepatic veins

What veins drain the liver?

Inferior vena cava

What do the hepatic veins drain into?

In right hypochondrium and epigastric regions inferior to diaphragm

Where is the liver located?

Diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces

What are the two surfaces of the liver?

Right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobes

What are the lobes of the liver?

Caudate lobe

What lobe is between the right and left lobes of the liver posteriorly and superiorly?

Quadrate lobe

What lobe is between the right and left lobes of the liver posterior and inferiorly and adjacent to the gallbladder?

Store bile

What does the gallbladder do?

Left and right hepatic ducts

What is the common hepatic duct formed from?

Neck of gallbladder

Where does the cystic duct begin?

Joined of common hepatic duct (from liver) and cystic duct (from gallbladder)

What forms the bile duct?

Duodenum

What does the bile duct empty into?

Pancreatic duct

What does the bile duct empty into the duodenum with?

contracted; stored in the gallbladder

Between meals, the sphincter of the bile duct is contracted/relaxed and bile is...

relaxed; released into the duodenum

After eating, the sphincter of the bile duct is contracted/relaxed and bile is...

Ileocecal junction to anus

What does the long intestine run from?

Convert undigested food to feces by absorbing water, salts, and vitamins

What does the long intestine do?

Microorganisms (microbiota)

What digests food in the long intestine?

Anus

Where are feces eliminated from?

Hepatic flexure

Area of long intestine where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon

Splenic flexure

Area of long intestine where transverse colon becomes the descending colon

2

There are ______ layers of smooth muscle in the long intestine

Circular smooth muscle layer

What smooth muscles layer of the long intestine is complete?

Longitudinal smooth muscle layer

What smooth muscle layer of the long intestine is incomplete?

Teniae coli

Muscular bands (3) of the longitudinal smooth layer of the long intestine that run its length

Pouches called haustra

What form when the teniae coli constrict?

Epiploic appendages

Fat-filled connective tissue pouches attached to the outer surface of the colon