Math 10 First Term Exam Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering key mathematical concepts, definitions, and rules from the Math 10 First Term Exam Review guide.

Law of Sines Ambiguous Case (SSA)

A scenario where two sides and a non-included angle are given, which can result in no triangle, one triangle, or two triangles.

Law of Cosines (SAS)

The formula used to solve an oblique triangle when given two sides and their included angle.

Law of Cosines (SSS)

The formula used to solve an oblique triangle when all three side lengths are known.

Bearings

Angular directions measured clockwise from North used in navigation and distance problems.

Translation (Right 6)

A transformation rule where $6$ is added to the x-coordinate.

Translation (Left 4)

A transformation rule where $4$ is subtracted from the x-coordinate.

Translation (Up 3)

A transformation rule where $3$ is added to the y-coordinate.

Translation (Down 3)

A transformation rule where $3$ is subtracted from the y-coordinate.

Critical Values (Zeros)

Values found by factoring that are used to test intervals on a number line when solving quadratic inequalities.

Open Circle

A number line notation used for strict inequalities containing $<$ or $>$.

Closed Circle

A number line notation used for non-strict inequalities containing $\le$ or $\ge$.

Solid Curve / Line

A boundary line or parabola used when graphing inequalities containing $\le$ or $\ge$.

Dashed Curve / Line

A boundary line or parabola used when graphing inequalities containing $<$ or $>$.

Absolute Value Equation ($|x| = k$)

An equation that splits into two linear equations: $x = k$ or $x = -k$.

Absolute Value Inequality ($|x| < k$)

A less-than absolute value inequality that converts to the compound inequality $-k < x < k$.

Absolute Value Inequality ($|x| > k$)

A greater-than absolute value inequality that converts to $x < -k$ or $x > k$.

Median

The middle value of an ordered dataset, also designated as the second quartile ($Q2$).

Quartiles

Values that partition ordered data into four equal parts: $Q1$ (First Quartile), $Q2$ (Median), and $Q3$ (Third Quartile).

Five-Number Summary

A descriptive statistic summary consisting of the Minimum, $Q1$, Median ($Q2$), $Q3$, and Maximum.

Box-and-Whisker Plot

A data visualization graph based on the five-number summary used to evaluate data spread and score consistency.

Interquartile Range (IQR)

The value calculated as $Q3 - Q1$, representing the spread of the middle $50\%$ of data and used to detect outliers.

Lower Fence (Outlier Rule)

A statistical boundary computed as $Q1 - 1.5 \times IQR$; data values below this threshold are outliers.

Upper Fence (Outlier Rule)

A statistical boundary computed as $Q3 + 1.5 \times IQR$; data values above this threshold are outliers.

80th Percentile

A measure of position indicating that approximately $80\%$ of scores are at or below that value.