Organic families

Alkane

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms, characterized by the suffix 'ane'.

Alkene

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, characterized by the suffix 'ene'.

Alkyne

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, characterized by the suffix 'yne'.

Alcohol

An organic compound with one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups, characterized by the suffix 'ol'.

Ether

An organic compound characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups, typically represented as R-O-R.

Thiol

An organic compound containing a sulfhydryl (-SH) group, without a specific naming convention.

Aldehyde

An organic compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain, characterized by the suffix 'al'.

Ketone

An organic compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) located anywhere within the carbon chain, characterized by the suffix 'one'.

Amine

An organic compound containing nitrogen, characterized by the suffix 'amine'.

Carboxylic Acid

An organic compound containing both a carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (OH) group, characterized by the suffix 'oic'.

Ester

An organic compound formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by a carbonyl adjacent to an ether link.

Benzene

A cyclic hydrocarbon with alternating double bonds, known for its resonance stabilization.

Intermolecular Interaction of alcohols

Polar substances with hydrogen bonding.

Intermolecular Interaction of ethers

Polar substances with dipole-dipole interactions.

Intermolecular Interaction of thiols

Polar substances with dipole-dipole interactions.

Intermolecular Interaction of aldehydes

Polar substances with dipole-dipole interactions.

Intermolecular Interaction of ketones

Polar substances with dipole-dipole interactions.

Intermolecular Interaction of amines

Polar substances with hydrogen bonding.

Intermolecular Interaction of carboxylic acids

Polar substances with hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions.

State of alkanes at room temp

Gas.

State of alkenes at room temp

Gas.

State of alkynes at room temp

Gas.

State of alcohols at room temp

Liquid.

State of ethers at room temp

Liquid.

State of thiols at room temp

Liquid.

State of aldehydes at room temp

Liquid.

State of ketones at room temp

Liquid.

State of amines at room temp

Liquid.

State of carboxylic acids at room temp

Liquid.

State of esters at room temp

Liquid.

State of benzene at room temp

Liquid.

Boiling point of alkanes

Low.

Boiling point of alkenes

Low.

Boiling point of alkynes

Low.

Boiling point of alcohols

Very high.

Boiling point of ethers

High.

Boiling point of thiols

High.

Boiling point of aldehydes

High.

Boiling point of ketones

High.

Boiling point of amines

Very high.

Boiling point of carboxylic acids

Very high.

Boiling point of esters

High.

Boiling point of benzene

Low.