Organic families

Family

Family Name

Defining feature

Polarity

Intermolecular Interaction

State at Room Temp

Boiling Point

Reactions

Alkane

ane

C/H

Nonpolar

London Disperson

gas

low

None

Alkene

ene

C/H/double bond(s)

Nonpolar

London Disperson

gas

low

  • Hydrogenation

  • Halogenation

  • Hydration

Alkyne

yne

C/H/triple bond(s)

Nonpolar

London Disperson

gas

low

We didn't cover them

Alcohol

ol

C/H/OH

Polar

Hydrogen Bond

liquid

very high

  • Dehydration

  • Oxidation

Ether

ether

C/H/O ie: CH3OCH3

Polar

Dipole-dipole

liquid

high

We didn't cover them

Thiol

Didn't Name

SH

Polar

Dipole-dipole

liquid

high

We didn't cover them

Aldehyde

al

C=O (at the end next to a Hydrogen atom)

Polar

Dipole-dipole

liquid

high

  • Oxidation

  • Reduction

Ketone

one

C=O anywhere

Polar

Dipole-dipole

liquid

high

  • Reduction

Amine

amine

N

Polar

Hydrogen Bond

liquid

very high

  • bases (accept an H+ from water)

Carboxylic Acid

oic

C=O and OH together

Polar

Hydrogen Bond and Dipole Dipole

liquid

very high

  • Acids (donate an H+ to water)

Ester

Didn't Name

C=O and O with C/H

Polar

Dipole-dipole

liquid

high

We didn't cover them

Benzene

benzene

ring with double bonds

nonpolar

London dispersion

liquid

low

Resonance stabilized (not a reaction)