An Introduction to Evolution

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the theory of evolution, including definitions, processes, and evidence supporting evolutionary change.

Evolution

A heritable change in one or more characteristics of a population from one generation to the next.

Microevolution

Evolution resulting from small genetic variations within a population over time.

Macroevolution

Evolution that results in the formation of new species or groups of related species.

Natural Selection

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Survival of the Fittest

A phrase that describes the principle of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive.

Biogeography

The study of the geographic distribution of extinct and living species, revealing patterns of evolution.

Homology

Similarities between organisms that occur due to descent from a common ancestor.

Convergent Evolution

The evolution of similar traits in different species due to similar environmental pressures.

Selective Breeding

The process by which humans breed plants and animals for particular traits.

Fossils

Preserved remains of past life, providing evidence for understanding evolutionary change.

Darwin's Finches

A group of finch species observed by Charles Darwin that provided key insights into natural selection.

Genetic Variation

Differences in DNA sequences among individuals, contributing to diversity in traits.

Descent with Modification

The principle that species evolve over time with changes that occur from generation to generation.

Anatomical Homologies

Comparisons of body structures between different organisms, indicating common ancestry.

Molecular Homologies

Similarities in DNA, RNA, and proteins among different species, suggesting evolutionary connections.

Embryonic Development

The process by which organisms develop from fertilization to maturity, with embryonic similarities suggesting common ancestry.