Andrew Jackson

Force of Will

Bulldozing through anything to achieve one's goals, often associated with Andrew Jackson's leadership style.

Old Hickory

Nickname given to Andrew Jackson. Means that he is strong and wise

 Seminole Campaign

Military actions led by Andrew Jackson against the Seminole Indians in Florida during the early 19th century, aimed at suppressing resistance and securing U.S. territory. Wanted to push into Florida to get the Indians out.

Hero of the Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson's prominent role in the decisive victory over British forces during the War of 1812, which made him a national hero. Made him popular and brought people behind him.

Age of Jackson

Period characterized by the rise of Andrew Jackson's influence in American politics, marked by his presidency and populist policies.

Voting rights expanded 

Before the 1820s, only white males with land or white male taxpayers could vote. After the 1820s, you only had to be a white male to vote.

Two Party System

National Republicans were John Adams

Democratic-Republicans were Andrew Jackson

Mudslinging

Issues get brought up that aren't related to political issues; personal issues

Where did Jackson get support

From the West, South, and New York

Where did Adams get support

New England and the Northeast

Who won the Election of 1828 and results of it:

Jackson defeated Admas to become the 7th US President. Symbolized the common man ascending.

Electoral votes: 219 Jackson to 49 to Adams

Popular vote: 687,502 to Jackson to 530,189 to Adams

Spoils System

rewarding political supporters with public office position; unqualified people in office and qualified people in Washington DC being kicked out.

Jacksonian Democracy

A 1820s-1830s movement led by Andrew Jackson that aimed to expand voting rights to all white males, promote populism, and strengthen the presidency while emphasizing the common man, excluding women and minorities from suffrage.

Protectionist Tariffs

Protecting domestic industries by taxing foreign imports

“Tariff of Abominations”

The Tariff of Abominations, enacted in 1828, was a protective tariff that raised duties on imports to help northern industries but was perceived in the South as economically harmful and unfair. Its importance lies in exacerbating regional tensions that contributed to the Nullification Crisis and highlighted the growing divide between the North and South over economic policies.

Southern Resistance

Published The South Carolina Exposition:

• Denounced recent tariffs as being unjust and unconstitutional 

• Proposed South Carolina to nullify the tariff (nullifiers)

• Was blocked by unionists

Nullification Crisis

Opposition grew between Nullifiers and Unionists:

• Protectionist Tariffs were declared nullified in South Carolina weeks later and Jackson did not oppose or support the tariff.

• Threatened to invade South Carolina and hang the nullifiers

• Issues proclamation against nullification

Force Bill

authorized the president to use the army and navy if necessary to collect federal tariff duties

Tariff of abominations showed

state could not stand against the federal government alone

Five Civilized Tribes were

Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles (Indians who lived in Florida until they got pushed out)

Jackson wanted to:

open/explore Indian land for white settlement

To “rescue” the Indians:

Jackson ordered the removal of eastern tribes which caused an uproar of 100,000+ Indians

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Legislation signed by President Andrew Jackson that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to designated Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River.

Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of Native American tribes, including the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands to designated Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. This journey resulted in immense suffering, as around 4000 natives died.

Natives tried fighting in court but

Supreme Court ruled in their favor but the ruling was ignored by Jackson and the Cherokees were forced to move

Jackson was supported by (type of people):

by common citizens as he valued the common man

Jackson distrusted

monopolist banks and businesses as they essentially ran the country. They determined how much their paper money was worth and how much they printed and had the money of the government.

Bank of the United States

Was the most powerful, private bank. It was where government funds were deposited.

• Died out in 1836, after Jackson took out all government funds and stopped depositing money

Nicholas Biddle:

Bank of US president and had unconstitutional power over America’s financial affairs.

• focused on profit and not public service

• Was destroyed after renewal of charter was denied as Jackson wanted to ruin the bank by pulling out all government funds and stopped depositing funds, taking away power from him

The Bank War erupted in

1832

Who pushed the renewal for the Bank of US charter bill to congress:

Daniel Webster and Henry Clay

Jackson’s options with the renewal bill:

• If Jackson supported the bill, he would push his western followers away

• If jackson vetoed the bill, he would lose the presidency by alienating the wealthy in the east

• ended up vetoing the bill which caused constitutional consequence but increased his power overtime

McCulloch v Maryland case ruling:

monopolistic banks are constitutional

Pet Bank

State banks that received federal funds

Specie Circular

Jackson’s authorization to let Treasury mandate that sale of lands be purchased with hard or metallic money and not paper money

• Resulted in a recession as land was not selling and there was tight credit