APUSH PERIOD 2

Jamestown founded

1607

Main problems Jamestown faced

Disease, starvation, poor location, lack of work ethic, and conflict with Native Americans.

Who helped Jamestown survive

John Smith and his strict leadership (“He who works not, eats not”).

What crop saved Jamestown

Tobacco (introduced by John Rolfe).

How Virginia attracted settlers

Headright system and indentured servitude.

Chesapeake demographics

Mostly young, single men; few families; short life expectancy; Anglican religion.

How Chesapeake differed from New England

Chesapeake focused on profit and plantations; New England focused on religion and community.

House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in the colonies (1619).

When were the first African slaves brought to Virginia

1619.

Cause of Bacon’s Rebellion

Frontier settlers angry at Governor Berkeley for ignoring Indian attacks and favoring elites.

Result of Bacon’s Rebellion

Planters relied more on African slaves to prevent future uprisings.

Who were the Pilgrims

Separatists who wanted to break completely from the Church of England.

Mayflower Compact

Early self-government agreement made by Pilgrims (1620).

Difference between Pilgrims and Puritans

Pilgrims separated from Church of England; Puritans wanted to reform it.

Why Puritans came to New World

To seek religious freedom and build a “city upon a hill.”

Puritan society

Religious, strict, community-centered, valued education and hard work.

Puritan influence

Encouraged literacy, moral discipline, and local self-government (town meetings).

New England demographics

Families, balanced gender ratio, long life expectancy, Puritan religion.

Compare New England to Chesapeake

New England: religious, healthy, stable; Chesapeake: economic, short life, scattered.

New England view of Native Americans

Viewed Natives as “savages” to be converted or removed (Massachusetts seal).

King Philip’s War

Native uprising led by Metacom (1675–76); ended major Native resistance in New England.

Colonies with religious tolerance

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Maryland.

Who settled New France

Few settlers—mostly fur traders, missionaries, and soldiers.

New France relationship with Natives

Friendly alliances through fur trade; generally cooperative.

Why Dutch founded New Netherland

For trade and profit, not religion.

Similarity between New France and New Netherland

Both small, trade-focused, and allied with Natives.

Indentured servitude

Contract labor (4–7 years) in exchange for passage to the colonies.

Difference between slavery and indentured servitude

Slavery was permanent, hereditary, and race-based.

Reasons for growth of slavery

Tobacco demand, labor shortage, Bacon’s Rebellion, racial attitudes, profitability.

Cause of the Great Awakening

Declining religious devotion and influence of Enlightenment ideas.

Major Great Awakening preachers

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.

Characteristics of the Great Awakening

Emotional preaching, revival meetings, focus on personal salvation.

Impact of the Great Awakening

United colonies spiritually, weakened church authority, encouraged independence.