Allied Health Final 2025

Part 1: Chapter

maintenance or improvement of health through the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, recovery, or cure of disease, illness, or injury

health care

illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirits and demons, religious ceremonies used to heal, limited exploration of human body

primitive times

keep and maintain medical records, treatment included gods and plants, body was a system of clogged channels

ancient egyptians

first recordings of medicines, began to search for medical reasons for illness

ancient chinese

beginning of modern medical science, belief that illness was caused by Natural causes

ancient greeks

organized medical care for soldiers, hospitals and individual rooms, public sanitation efforts

ancient romans

study of medicine was prohibited, focus on saving soul

dark ages

intro of medical universities, bubonic plague,

middle ages

rebirth of science and medicine, dissection of body, first anatomy book published

renaissance

first successful blood transfusion

16,17,18 centuries

first mercury thermometer, surgical procedures identified, vaccine development

18 century

formal training of nurses, infection control, woman became active members in medical field

19 century

most rapid growth on advancements, intro of insurance, computers and tech in health care

20 century

completion of human genome project, health care became global concern

21 century

control of rising cost of healthcare while achieving the max benefit for every dollar spent

cost containment

3 factors contributing to rising healthcare costs3

1. technological advancements→highly technical procedures

2. aging population→need for more frequent healthcare services

3. lawsuits→expensive malpractice insurance

diagnostic related groups, combination services, mass or bulk purchasing, outpatient services, early intervention and preventative services energy conservation are all methods of

cost containment

method of classifying diagnosis into specific payment categories

diagnostic related groups (DRGs)

DRG’s

• effort to reduce healthcare for government insurance plans (medicare and medicaid)

• patients classified into ___

• limit is placed on ___

• health care agency receives set amount as payment

• encourages healthcare facilities to provide care within ___

payment groups

cost of care

expense limit

healthcare agencies join together to share services to provide to a large number of people at a decreased cost

combination services

buying necessary equipment in bulk to reduce costs

mass or bulk purchasing

medical treatment without hospital admission

outpatient services

care before acute or chronic disease occurs

early intervention and preventative services disease.

overall energy efficiency maintaining systems and fixtures

energy conservation

use of genetic and biochemical process of living systems to develop or modify useful products

biotechnology

study of all the genes in the human genome

genomics

use of tests to check for the presence of specific genes known to cause disease

genomic testing

using a persons genome to choose drugs and doses likely to work for the individual

pharmacogenomics

study of the structure and function of proteins map protein regulation and function to understand disease

proteomics

study of cells capable of becoming any type of specialized cells

stem cell research

techniques to manipulate atoms and molecules to create new materials

nanotechnology

which hospital treats wide range of condition and age groups, provide diagnostic medical surgical and emergency care

general hospital

which hospital provides care for special conditions or groups

specialty hospitals

which hospital is operated by federal state and local government agencies, care for government personnel

government hospital

which hospital has hospital services research education, can be funded privately or through government resources

university or college medical centers

mainly provide assistance and care for the elderly, individuals with disabilities or long-term illnesses

long-term care facilities

3 types of LTCs

residential care, extended care or skilled care, and independent living and assisted living

LTC that has care for those who can no longer care for themselves, help with everyday activities, promote social interaction, for rest of life

Residential care

LTC that has skilled nursing and rehabilitation are, recovery from surgery, cancer treatment, etc, only for certain amount of time

extended care or skilled care

LTC that has individuals who can care for themselves purchase or rent apartments, meals housekeeping transportation and medical care provided

independent living and assisted living

privately owned or corporations, diagnostics treatment or examination basic lab testing, primary care facility or speciality

medical offices

privately owned or corporations, general care or specialized care(orthodontics, endodontics)

dental offices

privately owned or corporations, routine exams lens prescriptions, eye diseases

optical centers

specialized outpatient health care facilities

clinics

minor “one day” surgery

surgical clinics

first aid or emergency care to ill or injured individuals

urgent or emergency care clinic

offer physical, occupational, speech and other similar therapies

rehab clinic

rehab for alcohol and or drug abuse

substance abuse clinic

diabetic care, dialysis, encology, etc

specialty clinics

immediate care for accidents or sudden illness, ambulance services, medivac services, mostly operated by hospitals

emergency care services

often part of other facilities, diagnostic tests, blood tests urine tests, etc

labs

care for terminally ill, in home or hospice facility, palliative care

hospice

treat patients with mental disorders, guidance and counseling centers, psych clinics

mental health facilities

preparation and dispensing medication

pharmaceutical services

amount of money you or your employer pays per month for the insurance plan

premiums

amounts that must be paid by the patient for medical services before the policy begins

deductible

requires that a specific percentage of expenses are shared by the patient and the insurance company

co-insurance

a predetermined amount of money a patient pays at the time of service regardless of the amount of the service

co-pay

limit of what a patient pay in one year

out of pocket max

• manged care for health services for a monthly fee

• lower premiums

• required to use only HMO affiliated healthcare providers

• low or no deductible, lower co-pay

Health maintenance organization (HMO)

• provides contract with certain health care agencies or doctors to provide health care at reduced rates

• higher premiums

• more freedom to choose doctors

• higher deductibles and copays

preferred provider organization (PPO)

health care for individuals over 65 years old or individuals with a disability who have received social security payments

medicare

private insurance policy that covers what medicare does not

medigap

operated by state governments, pays for healthcare of individual with low incomes, children who qualify for public assistance, and individuals who are legally disabled

medicaid

• plan providing treatment for workers injured on the job

• administered by state

workers compensation

department of defense healthcare program for military personnel

tricare

treatment of disease of the nerves, tissue, blood vessels, and roots of teeth

endodontics

treatment and prevention of disease of gums, bone, and structures of teeth

periodontics

difference between EMT and EMT-P

EMT-P can perform life saving duties like intubation

treats diseases/disorders pertaining to the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems, focus on whole body healing, more holistic approach to medicine

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine

difference between psychiatrist and psychologist

psychiatrist can give meds but psychologist can’t give meds

work under supervision of psychiatrist, psychologists, help patients follow treatment plans, assist with physical care, observe and report behavior

psychiatric/mental health tech

Provide Total Care to patients under supervision of physician, administers medication and treatments, documents patient progress, assess patient needs

registered nurse

take histories, basic physical exams, order lab tests, refer patients to physicians, help establish treatment plans, treat common illnesses

nurse practitioner

Advanced degree require specialized in specific nursing areas

clinical nurse specialists

work under supervision of RNs and physicians, patient care required technical knowledge

licenses practical nurse

work under RN's or LPNs, basic patient care

nurse assistant

manage Food Service systems, assess patient nutritional needs, evaluate Health conditions, diagnose eating disorders, plan menus, teach proper nutrition and special diets

dietitian

teach clients about General nutrition and health properties of foods, can't diagnose disease

nutritionist

medical doctors specializing in diseases, injuries, and disorders of the eyes, can perform surgery

ophthalmologist

examine eyes for vision problems, prescribe lenses, diagnose eye disorders,

optometrist

assist with physical, mental, developmental, or emotional disabilities to overcome, correct, or adjust to particular problems

occupational therapist

operates EKG machines, used to diagnose conditions of the heart

electrocardiograph tech

assist with catheterization , angioplasty procedures, minor open heart surgery, and pacemaker implants, perform tests to check for circulation

cardiovascular tech

operates machines that record electrical activity of the brain, used to evaluate brain functions and diagnose disorders

EEG tech

perform nerve conduction tests, measure sensory responses, measure brain response

electroneurodiagnostic tech

work under supervision of doctors, study tissues, fluids, and cells of human body to determine presence or cause of disease

medical lab tech

Develop and manage systems for storing and obtaining records, prepare information for legal actions and insurance claims, compile stats, ensure confidentiality

health information administrator

study living organisms, assist in the development of vaccines, machines

biological or medical scientist

studies chemical composition of living things

biochemist

studies growth and characteristics of microscopic organisms

microbiologist

studies functions of organs, tissues, Etc of living things

physiologist

studies cells and evidence from crime scenes

forensic scientist

Studies relationship between living things and physics

biophysicist

develop solutions to complex medical problems, develop devices, research, design, and construct

bioengineers

barriers to communication

hearing loss

blindness

eye contact

cultural diversity

physiological barriers are caused by____

issues____

solution____

• prejudice, attitudes, emotions, and personality differences

• decrease in quality of care and trust

• patience, be positive, avoid criticism and arguing, allow patient to express feelings

what to report about patient with sight

color of skin, swelling, rash, amount of food eaten

what to report about patient with smell

body odor, wounds, urine, infection

what to report about patients with touch

pulse, temp of skin, swelling