US gov unit 3 federalism

unitary

holds all authority, regulates activities of the states

confederation

limited powers to coordinate state activities

federalism

compromise between unitary and confederation, shares powers with the states

in what ways does federalism decentralize politics and policies

by layering the govt to create opportunity for political participation and having a balance between state and federal govt.

three things considered the supreme law of the land

1. constitution

2. acts of Congress/ federal laws

3. treaties

significance of the 10th amendment

gave states reserved powers and formalized our federal form of govt. federal govt has on;y powers specified in constitution

5 key issues that have est supremacy over state govts

1. grant systems

2. implied powers-necessary and proper clause

3. commerce clause

4. civil war

5. racial inequality

enumerated/expressed powers

spelled out in constitution (e. declare war)

implied powers

assumed or suggested by the constitution (ex.. make treaties. make money, necessary and proper clause, interstate highways, and labor laws

inherent powers

certain powers that belong to the national govt (ex. immigration)

where do a lot of national policies originate from

state experimentation ex. minimum wage, child labor laws

what types of policies do states typically handle

moral, social, family, and police issues

what is the most common system of govt in the world

democracy

full faith and credit clause

respect state laws, judicial proceedings, and documentation

extradition

returning fugitives

privileges and immunities

cannot discriminate against citizens of another state without reason

dual federalism

different govt are seperate

cooperative federalism

the lines of responsibility is blurred

what is the main instrument the national govt uses to influence the state govt

grants and aid

what is the main type of federal aid to states and local govt

categorical grants ; formula grants

shared administration

states and local officials have administrative powers of their own

federal guidelines

states and cities have to be cooperative with what is asked of them when given money from federal govt

cross-over sanctions

cut funding in a program if we don’t change a policy that is unrelated

cross cutting requirements

strings attached, affects all national spending

project grants

are applied and completed for

formula grants

based on people and qualifications

for what reasons might a state or locality not want to receive federal aid

because of mandate blues. they might not want to pay or make the changes

four advantages of federalism for democracy

1. unity without uniformity

2. experimentation

3. govt’s closer to the people

4. good for large diverse country

four disadvantages of federalism for democracy

1. states differ in resources they provide

2. discourages states for providing certain services

3. local interests can prevent national proceedings

4. too many govts

how did industrialization increase the tole of the national govt

creating massive interstate economic and social problems that local and state govt were too small or underfunded to handle

why don’t states handle more issues

because they need the authority, money, and resources of the national govt

name 3 exceptions to the priviledges and immunities clause

1. college tuition

2. hunting and fishing license

3. living in certain state so long before voting

3 ways in which power is denied to the national govt

1. constitution specifically denies some powers

2. denied to govt because of the silence of the constitution

3. powers denied bc of federal system

name the specific powers denied to the states in constitution

1. cannot declare war

2. cannot take other land

3. cannot make treaties or have foreign affairs

4. cannot deny due process

5. cannot tax a function of the national govt

6. cannot print money

intergovermental relations

workings of the federal system - the entire set fo interactions among national, state, and local govts

supremacy clause

maes the constituion , national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national govt is acting within constitutional limits

tenth amendment

powers not delegated to the US by the constitution nor prohibities by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively or to the people

mcculloch v maryland

supreme court decision that est the supremacy of national govt over state govts in deciding this case the supreme court justice had certain numerated powers and implied powers In the constitution ( supremacy clause and necessary and proper clause)

elastic clause

authorizzes congress to pass all laws that are necessary and proper to carry out the enumerated powers

gibbons v Ogden

supreme court interpreted very broadly the constitution in giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce

devolution

effort to devolve onto the states the national govt functions in areas such as welfare, healthcare, and job training

fiscal federalism

pattern of spending, taxing, ad providing grants in the federal system; federal govt uses money to influence state policies

block grants

federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such a as community development and social services

interstate compact

an agreement among 2 or more states. the constitution requires that most such agreements be approved by congress

concurrent powers

powers to all levels of govt (taxation, protection of civil rights)

us v Lopez

SCOTUS struck down the gun free control school zones act

commerce clause

gives Congress power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations