1.2 Bonding 🪢

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24 Terms

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Bonding

way in which molecules and structures are held together

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Molecule

particle consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together

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Compound

substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined

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Dot and cross diagram

shows arrangement of atoms or ions, same elements have same electrons ( / )

<p>shows arrangement of atoms or ions, same elements have same electrons (<span style="color: blue">✕</span> / <span style="color: #ff0000">⬤</span>)</p>
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Covalent bond

formed by shared pair of electrons between non-metals, neutral charge

<p>formed by shared pair of electrons between non-metals, neutral charge</p>
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Lone pair electrons

Electrons paired up but not part of covalent bond

<p>Electrons paired up but not part of covalent bond</p>
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Stick diagram/ structure

single line for covalent bond, double line for double covalent ect

<p>single line for covalent bond, double line for double covalent ect</p>
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Strength of covalent bonds

Very strong and takes large amount of energy to break

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Common covalent substances

H2, Cl2, HCl H2O, NH3, CH4

<p>H<sub>2</sub>, Cl<sub>2, </sub>HCl H<sub>2</sub>O, NH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub></p>
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Diatomic

two atoms covalently bonded in a molecule

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Diatomic elements

H2, N2, O2 + Group 7

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Double covalent bond

bond which atoms share two pairs of electrons e.g carbon dioxide or oxygen

<p>bond which atoms share two pairs of electrons e.g carbon dioxide or oxygen</p>
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Triple covalent bond

bond which atoms share three pairs of electrons e.g nitrogen

<p>bond which atoms share three pairs of electrons e.g nitrogen</p>
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Metallic bonding

attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions in regular lattice

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Metals typically form

positive ions (cations) by delocalising outer electrons

<p>positive ions (cations) by delocalising outer electrons</p>
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Ionic bonding

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, metal and non-metals

<p>electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, metal and non-metals</p>
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Electrons in ionic bonding

transferred from metal atom to non-metal atom

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Examples of Ionic compounds

NaCl, MgO

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Drawing ionic bonds

  1. draw electronic configuration of each atom

  2. work out how many electrons are transferred

  3. draw configuration of ions formed

  4. write the charge of each ion [ ]±

<ol><li><p>draw electronic configuration of each atom</p></li><li><p>work out how many electrons are transferred</p></li><li><p>draw configuration of ions formed</p></li><li><p>write the charge of each ion [   ]<sup>±</sup></p></li></ol><p></p>
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Ionic formula

simplest whole number ratio of the ions in giant ionic lattice

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Ion

charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

<p>charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons</p>
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Anion

negatively charged ion, ends in -ide

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Cation

positively charged ion

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Molecular ion (back of data leaflet)

charged particle containing more than one atom e.g OH-