Corrections Exam 1

Preadjudication Diversion

This allows defendants to be supervised in the community before pleading guilty.

Community Corrections

Sanctions that rely on resources available in the community.

Institutional Corrections

Sanctions that require the offender to live in an institutional environment apart from their friends and family.

Which country has the highest number of incarceration rates?

The US

Parole officers should focus on the ____ of the interaction.

quality

Crime Control Policy

affected by media influences and public opinion

fear of crime may result in more punitive crime policies that lead to more reliance on imprisonment.

What is law enforcement’s role in corrections?

To protect public safety

Rehabilitation

Eventually getting prisonsers ready to live in a free society.

Social Learning Theory

Environment plays a large part in learning. Modeling behavior after the people around them.

Recidivism

Reduced by providing tailored support during imprisonment and ensuring that inmates are prepped for reintegration into society upon release through targeted programs.

Cognitive Behavioral Interventions (CBI)

Evidence-based treatment that helps incarcerated individuals understand the thoughts and feelings of others. Focusing on changing thought patterns that have a negative influence on behavior.

Albert Bandura thought of what theory…

Social Learning Theory

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment

Changing offender attitudes and behaviors through treatment.

Change can only come about through the understanding that there are errors in the way offenders think about certain issues.

Justice Reinvestment Initiative

A data-driven approach to encourage states to reduce correctional spending and reinvest saving in strategies designed to prevent crime.

Jeremy Bentham

Argues that actions are moral if they are useful or utilitarian and benefit the general welfare.

Cesare Beccaria

Believed that punishment should only be used to achieve good

Punishment should fit the crime

Deterrence Theory

Seeks to prevent future offenses by example to both the offender and others.

General Deterrence

Punishment is applied to an offender so that others who are considering committing a crime will decide not to, in order to avoid being punished.

Specific Deterrence

Punishment is applied to an offender with the goal of discouraging that person from misbehaving again.

Certainty

realistically only achieved if citizens are willing to be constantly monitored so that all criminal acts are known to the authorities and can thereby be punished.

Severity

The more severe the consequences for law-breaking, the less likely people are to commit a crime.

Swiftness

if the offender knows how swift the punishment will be, they will not offend.

Arraignment

the suspect makes his first court appearance at the arraignment; enter their plea; argue for pre-trial release

Selective Incapacitation

imprisonment is reserved for a select group of dangerous offenders

sentences are based on offender characteristics that predict certain offenders will commit serious crimes at a high rate if not locked up.

problem = discrimination

General Incapacitation

use of imprisonment as a way to achieve large gains in crime prevention by locking away even minor offenders.

sentences are based on characteristics that society has decided present a serious and continued threat to public safety.

problem = overprediction

Iron Law of Imprisonment

all prisoners will eventually return to live in a free society.

Retribution

required by society when a crime has occurred

Restoration

attempts to make the victim and the community whole again by restoring things to their pre-crime state.

Victim-offender mediation

victim, offender, and community representative work out their version of what would be a fair or just way to restore the balance that the crime upset.