(PSYC 2301) Chs 9 & 11 Study Set

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.

The 23rd pair

The pair of chromosomes that determines a person's biological sex.

During the embryonic period

all of the major organ systems form.

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is

where a child can perform a task with the help of an older child or an adult.

facial hair and a deeper voice

are secondary sexual characteristics that are not directly involved in reproduction.

According to Erik Erikson

each stage in development is associated with a psychosocial conflict that needs to be resolved.

Zygote

A single cell from the union of an egg cell and a sperm cell.

Teratogens are

harmful substances that can cause birth defects.

Jean Piaget developed

a cognitive theory of development.

Mary Ainsworth is known for her

strange situation experiment to determine attachment styles.

Attachment is

the emotional bond between a child and a caregiver.

Erik Erikson's stage in late adulthood is

Integrity vs. despair

Grasping, rooting, and sucking

are all newborn reflexes.

Id

In Freud's theory is entirely unconscious but controls our behavior.

Sublimation

Defense mechanism by which people redirect socially unacceptable impulses toward acceptable goals.

Identification is the

successful resolution of the Oedipus complex according to Freud.

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital are

Freud's psychosexual stages of development.

Basic anxiety

An emotion, proposed by Karen Horney, that gives a sense of uncertainty and loneliness in a hostile world and can lead to maladjustment.

Alfred Adler

Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order.

Humanistic psychology is

considered the "third force" in psychology.

Self-efficacy is s

term in social cognitive perspectives on personality.

The five-factor model of personality traits are

openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion.

Carl Rogers

a humanist that emphasized unconditional positive regard.

Repression is when

we unconsciously exclude painful feelings and memories from conscious awareness.

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of

a projective test developed from psychoanalytic theory.

Anger is the

second stage of Kubler-Ross's stage theory of dying.

A test is considered valid when

it measures what it is intended to measure.