The Integumentary system

Unit 5

Hypodermis(other name)

also called the subcutaneous tissue

Hypodermis(func)

Loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying bone or muscle

Fat(func)

Functions as padding and insulation

Fat(responsable for)

Responsible for some of the structural differences between men and women

Cleavage lines

Directions in which the skin is most resistant to stretch

Striae

Lines visible through epidermis produces by overstretching the dermis

Papillae

blood vessels in this structure exchange nutrients and waste products

papillae

projects from the dermis into the epidermis; producer fingerprints

Keratinization

the process that changes the shape and chemical composition of the epidermal cells

stratum basale

the strata of the epidermis that produces new cells by mitosis

stratum corneum

the strata if the epidermis that contains dead, squamous cells

keratin

responsible for the structural strength of the stratum corneum

lipis

responsible for preventing fluid loss through the skin

callus

a thickened area of stratum corneum produced in response to friction

corn

stratum corneum that thickens to form a cone shaped structure over bony prominence

Melanin

brona to black pigment responsible for most skin color

Melanocytes

produces melanin in the stratum basale, and is distributed to other epidermal cells  

albinism

a mutation that prevents the manufacture of melanin

suntan

an increased melanin production in response to ultraviolet light results in ___

blue color

What color of tatoos, bruises, and some superficial blood vessels is due to the light scattering effect of overlying tissues

carotene

yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots

red color

blood flowing through skin produces a ___

cyanosis

a decrease in the blood oxygen content of the blood produces a blueish color

birthmarks

congenital disorders of blood vessels in the dermis

hair shaft

portion of hair protruding above the surface of the skin

medulla

soft center of hair

cuticle

outer layer of hair consisting of a single layer of overlapping cells that hold the hair in the hair follicle

hair follicle

an extension of the epidermis into the dermis

arrector pili

smooth muscle cells that cause hair to stand on end and also produce good flesh

sebum

oily, white substance rich in lipids, lubricates hair and the surface of the skin, prevents drying, and protects against some bacteria

sebaceus gland

produces sebum, opens into the hair folicle

merocrine sweat gland

produces sweat, opens on the surface of the skin

apocrine sweat gland

produces thick, organic, secretion that is broken down by bacteria to produce body oder, opens into the hair follicle.

nail body

visible part of the nail

eponycnium

cuticle, stratum corneum that grows onto the nail body

nail matrix

produces the nail

lunula

whitish, crescent shape area at the top of the nail, part of the nail matrix

protection

accomplished by the skin as a physical barrier and as a permeability barrier

protection

absorbtion of UV light by melanin

protection

resists abrasion by sloughing cells from the epidermis

temp regulation

carried out by producing sweat and increasing or decreasing blood vessle diameter

vitiman D production

begins when a precurser molecule is exposed to ultraviolet light in the skin

sensation

detection of pain, heat, cold, and pressure

excretion

occurs to a slight degree with sweat production when someone urea, uric acid, and ammonia are lost

cyanosis

indicated impaired circulatory or respiratory function

jaundice

indicated the liver is not functioning properly, a buildup of the bile pigments in the blood and tissue

rash

can indicate an allergic reaction, for example, penicilin

partial thickness

part of the stratum basale remains visible and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area as well as from the edges of the burn, enclosed first and second degree burns

first degree

involves only the epidermis, red and painful

second degree

damages the epidermis and dermis, symptoms include redness, pain, edema, and blisters

full thickness

the epidermis and dermis are destroyed, and recovery occurs from the edges of the burn, also called third degree burn