Hazard types, perception and models

What are geophysical hazards?

Caused by geological or geomorphological processes.

• Earthquakes.

• Volcanoes.

• Landslides.

What are atmospheric hazards?

Caused by atmospheric processes.

• Tropical storms.

• Tornadoes.

• Droughts.

What are hydrological hazards?

Caused by water-related processes.

• Floods.

• Avalanches.

What is acceptance in perception?

Hazards are unavoidable acts of nature or God.

What is domination in perception?

Humans can control hazards using science and engineering.

What is adaptation in perception?

Hazards cannot be prevented by societies can adjust to them.

What is the acceptance model of hazard perception?

• A fatalistic attitude.

• Limited attempts to control hazards.

Most common in poorer countries or religious societies.

What is the domination model of hazard perception?

• Faith in science and engineering.

• Heavy investment in technology and infrastructure.

• e.g. Japanese earthquake engineering.

What is the adaptation model of hazard perception?

• Accept hazards will occur.

• Emphasises resilience and preparedness.

• e.g. wildfire evacuation planning.

What are the 4 main types of human response to hazards?

• Prediction

• Adaptation

• Mitigation

• Risk sharing

What is mitigation?

Actions taken before an event to reduce long-term risk to life and property.

e.g. earthquake-proof buildings.

What is the Park Model and why is it useful?

The Park Model shows how quality of life changes after a hazard event.

• HICs recover quicker.

• LICs may never return to pre-disaster conditions.

• But assumes recovery is linear.

What is the Hazard Management Cycle?

• Preparedness.

• Response.

• Recovery.

• Mitigation.

• Review and amend.