2E notes (tissue repair)

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the integumentary system, cell death, burns, and tissue healing for exam preparation.

Integument

The skin, composed of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis layers.

Necrosis

Uncontrolled cell death due to injury, which often triggers inflammation.

Apoptosis

Programmed, regulated cell death that removes damaged or unnecessary cells without inflammation.

Hyperplasia

Increased cell number, such as breast tissue during pregnancy.

Hypertrophy

Increased cell size, for example, skeletal muscle growth.

Atrophy

Decrease in cell size, as seen in immobilized muscle.

Metaplasia

Change from one mature cell type to another, such as in a smoker’s airway.

Dysplasia

Abnormal cell growth, shape, or organization, commonly associated with HPV infection.

Neoplasia

Uncontrolled growth of cells that can lead to benign or malignant tumors.

Fibrosis

Formation of scar tissue following extensive damage, which may reduce function.

Superficial burn

A burn that damages only the epidermis.

Partial-thickness burn

A burn that damages the epidermis and part of the dermis.

Full-thickness burn

A burn that damages through the epidermis, dermis, and into the hypodermis.

Hypovolemic shock

A condition resulting from fluid loss that leads to low blood pressure and reduced blood flow.

Granulation

The stage in wound healing where new connective tissue with tiny blood vessels forms.

Lines of cleavage

Collagen bundles in the skin oriented in predictable directions, important for surgical healing.

Stretch marks

Tears in the dermis caused by overstretching of collagen fibers.