Term 1 Revision (Concise)

Made by Ella

MRS GREN

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

Animal Cell

Ribosome, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm

Plant Cell

Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Vacuole

Ribosome

Forms proteins

Cell Membrane

Controls what moves in and out of the cell

Nucleus

Powerhouse of the cell, contains DNA

MItochondria

Carries out respiration

Cytoplasm

Where reactions occur

Cell Wall

GIves shape and structure to cell (made of cellulose)

Chloroplasts

Contain chlorophyll

Vacuole

Contains nutrients

Bacterial Cell parts

Loop of DNA, Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Plasmid, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm

Plasmid

Small sections of DNA

Cell

Makes up all living organisms

Tissue

distinct material of which organisms are made consisting of cells

Organ

Specialised structure composed of many different tissues that perform a function

Organ System

Biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together

Organism

A plant, animal or single-celled life from that carries out MRS GREN

Root Hair Cells Function

Absorb water and minerals

Palisade Mesophyll Cells

Carry out photosynthesis

Red Blood Cells

Transport Oxygen

Diffusion

Movement of particles to fill a space they are in

Factors of DIffusion

Large surface area, higher temperature, higher concentration gradient, shorter distance all INCREASE diffusion

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to low water potential

Turgid

Swollen and distended

Turgor Pressure

A state of turdigity

Plasmolysis

Shrinking of a plants cytoplasm due to water loss

Flaccid

Loose or limp, drooping

Active Transport

Particles moving against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration (opposite of diffusion)

Carbohydrates

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (simple + complex sugars)

Fats

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (lipids and fatty acids)

Protein

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (amino acids)

Iodine

Starch

Benedict's solution

Sugars

Biuret

Proteins

Ethanol Emulsion

Fats and oils

Enzymes

Proteins that function as a biological catalyst

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

A temporary association formed when an enzyme binds to its active site, a chemical reaction occurs and a product forms

Increase in temperature causes? (Enzymes)

Morse frequent collisions between enzymes and substrates.

What can denature an enzyme?

Temperatures past the optimum or the wrong pH level.

Photosynthesis

Process in which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

Water + Carbon Dioxide

Glucose + Oxygen

Magnesium Ions

Central component in chlorophyll molecules

Chlorophyll

Transfers light energy into chemical energy molecules

What are carbs produced during photosynthesis used for?

Immediate energy, structural support and storage

Palisade Mesophyll

Contain many chloroplasts

Stomata

Allow gas exchange

Spongy Mesophyll

Have spaces to allow gasses to move

Guard Cells

Control the opening and closing of the stomata

Xylem

Transport water and dissolved minerals

Pholem

Transport sugars and organic compounds

Balanced DIet

The consumption of a variety of foods in correct portions for optimal health

Carbohydrates Function

Energy

Fats Function

Absorption

Proteins Function

Muscle

Vitamin C Function

Immunity

Vitamin D Function

Bone health

Iron Function

Red blood cells

Fibre

Moves things through the alimentary canal

Constipation

Caused by lack of dietary fibre

Coronary Heart Disease

Caused by high cholesterol levels

Obesity

Caused by imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure

Scurvy cause

Caused by vitamin C deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency cause

Caused by lack of sun exposure

Iron deficiency can lead to…

Anemia, fatigue and pale skin

Ingestion

The taking of substances into the body through the mouth

Digestion

The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules through mechanical and chemical processes

Absorption

The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Egestion

The passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as faeces, through the anus

Alimentary Canal parts

Mouth, Salivary Glands, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Pancreas, Liver, Gall Bladder, Large Intestine, Anus

Mechanical Digestion

Breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

Chemical DIgestion

The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules

Amalase

Found in the salivary glands and small intestine, breaks down starch into simpler sugars

Protease

Found in the stomach and small intestine, breaks down protein into amino acids

Lipase

Found in the small intestine and stomach, breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Hydrochloric Acid

Kills bacteria that have been ingested with food and creates acidic pH for enzymes

Root Hair Cells Adaptation

Increase the surface area of a root

Transpiration

Loss of water from plant leaves via evaporation through the surface of mesophyll and the stomata

Higher temperature _ transpiration

Increases

Humidity _ transpiration

Decreases