Cell's Organelles

These flashcards cover key concepts in cell anatomy and physiology, including definitions of cells, organelles, processes of transcription and translation, and types of cellular transport.

What is the definition of a cell?

Cells are the smallest living things and the structural and functional subunits of all body systems.

What are the three principal parts of a cell?

The three principal parts are the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus.

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane acts as a flexible barrier between the cell's interior and the outside world.

What model describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

The fluid mosaic model describes the membrane structure.

What are the four major functions of the cell membrane?

1) Physical isolation, 2) Regulation of exchange with the environment, 3) Sensitivity to the environment, 4) Structural support.

What is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?

Cytoplasm includes cytosol plus the organelles, while cytosol refers to the fluid around the organelles.

What are the two categories of cellular organelles?

1) Non-membranous organelles, 2) Membranous organelles.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

What are the major functions of mitochondria?

Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration.

What is the central control center of a cell?

The nucleus is the central control center of a cell.

What are the steps of transcription of mRNA?

1) DNA strands separate, 2) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, 3) RNA nucleotides form bonds with DNA, 4) RNA polymerase strings together nucleotides, 5) RNA strand detaches at stop signal.

What occurs during the translation process?

Translation involves mRNA associating with ribosomes to create proteins from amino acids.

What happens during mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of cell division where chromosomes are duplicated and divided into two daughter cells.

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis produces diploid daughter cells while meiosis produces haploid gametes.

What are active processes in cellular transport?

Active processes require energy input for chemicals to move against concentration gradients.