Gen Chem 1 Final Exam

How many electrons can the p-orbital hold?

A p-orbital can hold a maximum of 6 electrons.

What is the total number of allowed orbitals in a subshell?

The total number of allowed orbitals in a subshell is equal to 2l + 1, where l is the angular momentum quantum number.

Which molecules contain 6 bonding electrons?

To determine the number of bonding electrons in a molecule, you would need to draw its Lewis structure and count the shared electron pairs.

What do halogens need to become stable?

Halogens need 1 more electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Which groups of elements do not follow the Octet Rule?

Some exceptions to the Octet Rule include boron, beryllium, and elements in the third period and beyond.

Why do Lewis electron dot diagrams show only outermost electrons?

Lewis dot diagrams focus on the valence electrons, which are primarily involved in chemical bonding.

What do you call a particle that gains an electron?

A particle that gains an electron becomes an anion.

What do you call a particle that loses an electron?

A particle that loses an electron becomes a cation.

What are electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms called?

These are called ions.

What type of bond is found in the Lewis structure of Nitrogen gas, N₂?

Nitrogen gas (N₂) has a triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms.

What is another name for quantum theory?

Wave mechanics.

What describes the three-dimensional regions in space for finding an electron?

Orbital.

Which is NOT a quantum number?

Mass number.

What does the magnetic quantum number describe?

The orientation of an orbital in space.

What symbolizes the spin of an electron?

mₛ.

How many types of quantum numbers are there?

There are 4 types: principal, angular momentum, magnetic, and spin.

What is a diamagnetic atom?

An atom with all paired electrons.

Which rule states that electrons fill empty orbitals first?

Hund's rule.

Which electron configuration is impossible for an atom?

An impossible configuration would violate the Pauli Exclusion Principle or Hund's Rule.

Which element has a completely filled subshell?

Noble gases have completely filled valence shells.

What substance has paired electrons resulting in no net magnetic moment?

A diamagnetic substance.

Which element is typically diamagnetic?

Noble gases are typically diamagnetic.

Which molecule has a double bond?

Molecules like O₂, CO₂, and C₂H₄ have double bonds.

What characterizes an ionic compound?

It is formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.

What indicates the number of valence electrons with dots around the element?

Lewis dot structure.

How many electrons must phosphorus gain or lose for stability?

Phosphorus needs to gain 3 electrons for a stable electron configuration.

What is formed by sharing electrons between atoms?

Covalent bond.

How is the octet rule applied in molecular covalent compounds?

Atoms share electrons to achieve 8 valence electrons.

Which compounds have a covalent molecular structure?

Compounds like H₂O, CO₂, and CH₄ have covalent molecular structures.

What type of bond is formed in Na₃PO₄?

Ionic bond.

How many total valence electrons are in iodine trichloride, ICl₃?

Iodine trichloride has a total of 28 valence electrons.

How many lone pairs are in the Lewis structure of ammonia, NH₃?

Ammonia has 1 lone pair.

How many electrons do hydrogen need to fill its outer shell?

Hydrogen needs 1 electron.

What describes a correct Lewis structure of N₂?

The correct Lewis structure of N₂ has a triple bond.

Which symbol represents bonding pairs of electrons in a Lewis structure?

A line (-).

What is the correct Lewis structure of iodine fluoride?

I-F with 3 lone pairs on I and 3 lone pairs on F.

What pair of element valence is correct?

You can determine the valence electrons by the group's number on the periodic table.

What is the correct Lewis structure of the cyanide ion?

C≡N⁻ with a lone pair on C and a lone pair on N.

What does the product of charge and distance need for neutrality?

Dipole moment.

What is the bond angle in a covalent species?

The angle between two bonds originating from the same atom.

What does VSEPR theory predict?

The geometry of molecules based on electron pair repulsion.

Why is knowing the geometry of a molecule important?

It helps predict polarity, reactivity, and physical properties.

What is the polarity of boron trifluoride, BF₃?

Each B-F bond is polar, but the molecule is nonpolar due to symmetry.