Module 2 History Test

In the late 19th century federal gov

Had few meaningful responsibilities.

Why was battle over patronage prominent in late 19th century?

Distributing gov. appointments was one of the few powers of president.

Gunman who fatally shot Pres. James A. Garfield was a member of what political faction w/in Republican Party?

Stalwarts.

Election of 1884 is best characterized as

Unsavory.

Which would vote for Democratic Party in late 19th century?

Southern and Catholic.

Functions of federal gov. during late 19th century

Delivering mail, maintaining military, conducting foreign policy, administering Civil War pensions.

Rutherford B. Hayes’s only issue of substance was

Attempting to form system of civil service.

James A. Garfield was assassinated by

An unsuccessful office seeker.

What happened in Dec. 1887 when Pres. Cleveland asked Congress to reduce tariffs?

Senate passed bill raising tariff rates, and resulting deadlock became issue in 1888 election.

Republican candidate James G. Blaine accused of tolerating slander against BLANK during presidential campaign of 1884

Roman Catholics.

True or False: With few exceptions, political parties of late 19th century held very similar views on important public issues.

TRUE: Parties didn’t take distinct positions on important public issues; their positions were similar, w/few exceptions.

What issue most inflamed public opinion during administration of Benjamin Harrison?

Power of trusts.

During the administration of Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes, the Republican faction known as the BLANK or BLANK supported reform, whereas the BLANK or BLANK did not.

Half-breed, breeds, Stalwarts, stalwart.

As president, Grover Cleveland was BLANK

a fiscal conservative.

Which of the following best describes the “mugwumps” in the election of 1884?

Unhappy Republican who threatened to vote for the Democrat.

TRUE or FALSE: In election of 1892, Grover Cleveland won a second, nonconsecutive term as president.

TRUE: Fueled by tariff issue, Cleveland became 1st (and only) U.S. president to serve two nonconsecutive terms.

Of several factors affecting Americans’ loyalty to their chosen party, which appears to have been most important?

Region.

When National Grange of Patrons of Husbandry was founded in 1867, it initially centered on BLANK

Spreading new knowledge about agriculture techniques.

At turn of the century, Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was BLANK

Enforced more against labor unions than business combinations.

Political battles b/tw Stalwarts & Half-Breeds was a fight BLANK

B/tw traditionalists & reformers.

As compared to Grange movement, Farmers’ Alliances BLANK

Were far more widespread.

Which statement is true regarding McKinley Tariff of 1890?

It was unpopular among public & resulted in significant political losses for Republicans.

Which two factors caused Grange power to decline in late 1870s?

Courts’ rejection of Granger railroad laws

Political inexperience of Grange leaders.

Sherman Antitrust Act had no impact in 1st decade after passage.

Ineffectual enforcement of law

Dilution in law’s strength after court rulings.

What group, formed by Southern farmers in 1875, spread nationwide & formed cooperatives & other marketing mechanisms?

Farmers’ Alliance.

Why did Pres. Cleveland oppose existing high tariff rates?

He believed they resulted in budget surpluses, which Congress used to pass extravagant legislation.

Who drafted tariff law that was enacted in 1890?

William McKinley & Nelson W. Aldrich.

As Grange grew, it began to focus on BLANK

Political action.

In election of 1892, Populist candidates were successful in gaining which offices?

State governorship, seats in Congress, and seats in state legislatures.

Leaders of Farmers’ Alliance sought economic BLANK

Cooperation.

What was primary reason that Populism failed to attract workers’ support?

Economic interests of workers & farmers were often at odds.

TRUE or FALSE: McKinley Tariff was widely supported by Americans after it became law in 1890.

FALSE.

What political movement resulted from frustrations of rural America in late 19th century?

Populism.

Populists demanded a number of changes be made by federal gov., including which of the following?

Direct election of U.S. senators, gov. ownership of railroads, and a graduated income tax.

TRUE or FALSE: Populism grew quickly because of its large & diverse constituency of supporters.

FALSE.

TRUE OR FALSE: Depression of 1890s demonstrated that economic sectors had become very interdependent.

TRUE: 1 proof of this statement is fact that economic woes of railroads rippled widely through economy & contributed greatly to depression.

Money question centered on BLANK

Precious metal on which dollar’s value was based.

In essence, Populism was a BLANK

Challenge to American industrial capitalism.

TRUE OR FALSE: By demonetizing silver, Congress foreclosed a potential method of expanding currency.

TRUE.

Populism appealed mostly to which group?

Farmers.

In 1896, Democratic political platform BLANK

Adopted several but not all major Populist issues.

Every event that triggered Panic of 1893.

Bankruptcy of Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, failure of National Cordage Company, and a wave of bank failures.

In Pres. Cleveland’s view, what was main cause of depression of 1890s?

Unstable currency.

Under Populists’ program, farmers would take their crops to public warehouses BLANK

And receive gov loans until they could sell their commodities.

Which sectors of American society were extremely worried about what would happen if William Jennings Bryan won presidency in 1896?

Business community and financial community.

What was official mint ratio of ounces of silver to 1 ounce of gold?

16:1.

All forces that helped calm country after William McKinley was elected pres. in 1896.

Easing of economic crisis, McKinley’s commitment to reassuring stability, and exhaustion of frustrated dissenters.

William Jennings Bryan’s famous “Cross of Gold” speech was given at Democratic Convention of 1896 in support of BLANK

Free silver.

Depression that followed Panic of 1893 demonstrated dependence of American economy on BLANK

Railroads.

Which statement is true regarding Democratic platform in campaign of 1896?

It was too narrow to galvanize working people & to win a national election.

What was only issue that McKinley & his allies fully committed themselves to?

Higher tariff rates.

In 1896, Democratic political platform BLANK

Adopted several but NOT all major Populist issues.

What was mid-19th century doctrine that viewed United States’s control of North America as divinely ordered right of nation?

Manifest Destiny.

Prior to 1870s, what supported value of dollar?

Both gold & silver.

Jingoes believed that a stronger assertion of power aboard would result in BLANK

An easing of domestic tensions.

Which term refers to late-19th-century advocates for expanded U.S. economic, political, & military power in world?

Jingoes.

In late 19th century, Americans were eying Hawaii for which 2 reasons?

1) For a permanent base for American ships.

2) For its sugar exports.

Queen Liliuokalani is best described as a BLANK

Nationalist.

Which 2 statements are true regarding actions of Spanish governor General Valeriano Weyler?

They led to deaths of 10s of thousands of Cuban citizens.

They imperiled American-owned sugar plantations.

American expansionists justified their position that strong nations should dominate weaker ones with BLANK

Theories of Charles Darwin.

Arrival of American merchants, missionaries, & planters BLANK

Devastated traditional Hawaiian society.

What was most likely cause of explosion that sank battleship Maine in Havana harbor?

An accidental explosion.

What action did U.S. gov take that made sugar-growing fundamental in Hawaiian economy?

It eliminated duties on Hawaiian sugar.

For Populists, results of 1896 election were BLANK

A disaster & resulted in party’s eventual dissolution.

View of most of general American public was that Spanish-American War was BLANK

A “splendid little war”.

1895 rebellion of Jose Marti in Cuba attracted attention of American people as result of BLANK

Popular newspaper reports of Spanish atrocities.

In 1890s, interest in American expansion overseas was motivated in part by BLANK

Fear that United States would be left out of new overseas markets.

After Maine disaster, Commodore George Dewey was given orders to attack Spanish fleet in Philippines BLANK

If hostilities w/Spain occurred.

Which U.S gov official initially sought to avoid war w/Spain?

William McKinley.

Why did Americans abandon their original plan & quickly mobilize troops to proceed to Santiago?

A Spanish fleet slipped passed American navy and into Santiago harbor.

By time United States successfully negotiated deal for a naval base in Hawaii, growing BLANK for export to America had become basis of Hawaiian economy.

Sugar.

Statements regarding Spanish-American War are true?

War lasted only a few months & there were fewer than 500 American battle casualties.

Cuban rebels did most of fighting even after Americans joined in war.

Cuban insurgents had much higher casualty rates than Americans.

Theodore Roosevelt’s forces were called BLANK

Rough Riders.

TRUE OR FALSE: Without knowledge of his superiors, Assistant Secretary of Navy Theodore Roosevelt gave orders to America’s Asiatic Squadron to engage Spanish fleet in Philippines should hostilities w/Spain occur.

TRUE: Theodore Roosevelt gave this authorization without knowledge of his superiors.

Which statement is true regarding General Shafter’s advance on Santiago?

Problems of disease & supply hampered undertaking.

In 1887, U.S. Navy ESTA a base in Hawaii at BLANK

Pearl Harbor.

Which statement is true regarding Foraker Act of 1900?

It ESTA an American colonial gov over Puerto Rico.

Why was President McKinley against granting Filipinos independence?

He believed that they were unfit for self-gov.

Theodore Roosevelt became a famous hero during which conflict of war?

Charge up Kettle Hill.

Which 2 statements are true regarding island of Puerto Rico?

It was part of Spanish Empire from 1508 until 1898.

Native people of island were decimated by disease.

Greatest American debate over consequences of Spanish-American War involved BLANK

Status of Philippines.

Theodore Roosevelt’s famous charge up Kettle Hill was BLANK

Greatly assisted by Black units.

Undertaken w/out help of expected reinforcements.

Later romanticized by American public & Roosevelt himself.

Order to attack Spanish fleet in Philippines came from BLANK

Theodore Roosevelt.

TRUE OR FALSE: Supporters of annexation of Phillippines claimed that Indigenous people there did not need to be made citizens.

TRUE.

What were among terms of Platt Amendment?

Cuba was not allowed to enter into foreign treaties.

United States reserved right to intervene in Cuba in an emergency.

Cuba had to allow U.S. to ESTA naval stations in its territory.

Pursuant to Jones Act of 1917, BLANK

All Puerto Ricans are American citizens.

During conflict w/U.S., who claimed to head legitimate gov. of Philippines?

Emilio Aguinaldo.

In 1900, Republicans enacted Currency Act, which BLANK

Confirmed nation’s commitment to gold standard.

Which statement is true regarding extreme brutality American soldiers exhibited toward Filipinos?

It was largely motivated by racial prejudice.

Open Door policy was not received well by gov. outside of China, & BlANK rejected it outright.

Russia.

What were among motivations of those in favor of annexation of Philippines?

Re-invigoration of nation through territorial acquistion

Opportunity to dominate Asian trade

Parisian advantage for Republicans.

What spurred passage of Platt Amendment?

Cuban drew up constitution that made no reference to U.S.

Which 3 statements are true regarding U.S. conflict in Philippines?

It is largely forgotten American war.

It is one of longest lasting American wars

American troops faced guerrilla war & became increasingly brutal in their practices.

Upon realizing that Philippine masses were loyal to Aguinaldo & his gov., Americans BLANK

Adopted more severe & vicious tactics.

In 1900 an international expeditionary force fought its way into which city to break Boxer Rebellion?

Peking.

Who 1st translated Pres. McKinley’s statements about access to China into a U.S. policy when he addressed messages to imperial powers, which became known as Open Door notes?

John Hay.

TRUE OR FALSE: Supporters of annexation of Philippines claimed that Indigenous people there did not need to be made citizens.

TRUE.

After war w/Spain, Pres. McKinley appointed who as secretary of war & assigned him to overhaul armed forces?

Elihu Root.

At turn of 20th century, progressive activists believed in BLANK

Possibilities of applying principles of natural & social sciences.

After Boxer Rebellion, U.S. Open Door policy BLANK

Gained more international su