Healthy Populations Block 1

animal welfare

the state of an animal

assessment of welfare includes consideration of:

health, behavior, biological function

welfare is ____ based and _____ based

science, values

wellbeing is an outcome of:

welfare

animal welfare is a combination of:

health & wellbeing

AVMA American College of Animal Welfare has board certified specialists working in:

lab animal, research, general practice & zoos, population welfare & conservation

Descartes

animals are automatons, live vivisection

automatons in the context of animals

animals don't have feeling

Kant

rationality = intrinsic value = moral standing

Hume

animals are experiential learners, disputes moral standing

Bentham

consequences to actions

Ill Treatment of Cattle Bill

forbade bull bating

Pain and Suffering in Medicine

if humans can feel things like pain, so can animals

Charles Darwin

Theory of Evolution

William Youtt

animals experience sentience

sentience

the ability to recognize self as existing, higher=order thinking

Ruth Harrison

animals are "machines"

Pete Singer

animals should have a good life and a good death

Tom Regan

animals should have the same rights as humans and shouldn't be eaten

Charles Sherrington

animals can feel pain

stress is required _____ (before/after) pain in animals

before

distress

bad, overwhelming, impairs functioning

Distress or Eustress?

Ignoring hunger pains and not eating = Starvation

Distress

eustress

good, positive, motivating stress

Distress or Eustress?

Hunger Pains = Motivation to eat

Eustress

One Health

approach with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment

one welfare

the recognition that animal welfare, biodiversity, and the environment are connected to human wellbeing

5 domains

nutrition, environment, health, mental state, behavior

Freedom of Nutrition

freedom from thirst, hunger, and malnutrition

Freedom of Environment

freedom from thermal and physical discomfort

Freedom of Health

freedom from pain, injury, and disease

Freedom of Mental State

freedom from fear and distress

Freedom of behavior

freedom to express normal behavior

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)

sets international standard for animal welfare used globally by professional organizations

OIE definition of good welfare

healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behavior, and not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress

the three circles

combination of science and cultural values about animals

list the three circles

biological functioning, affective states, natural living

biological functioning

emphasizes the normal and healthy functioning of the animal's biological systems and provision of proper nutrition and health care

optimal health and welfare = _____-term sustainability

long

contributors to biological functioning

disease, injury, stress/distress, hygiene, mortality, productivity

affective states

emphasizes the emotions and other feelings of the animal that are experienced as pleasant or unpleasant

negative mattering

all actions or events that harm animals

positive mattering

encompasses all states that are positive for the animal

contributors to affective state

pain, stress/distress, fear, frustration

natural living

emphasizes that animals should live their true purpose

according to natural living, animals should be able to perform their _____-specific behaviors

species

contributors to natural living

environment, socialization, motivation, behaviors, outdoor access

2020 version of the 5 domains

took into account interactions with the environment, other animals, and humans

direct measures of welfare are ______-based measurements

animal-based

animal-based measurements

anything you can measure from the animal itself

indirect measurements are _____-based measurements

resource-based

resource-based measurements

measurements from the animal's environment that can provide information about risk factors for animal-based measures

all definitions of animal welfare include an animal's biological health (_____), their subjective mental states (_____), and their natural history (____)

body, mind, nature

ACLAM Stands for:

American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine

Animal Care and Use Protocol

detailed description of the proposed use of animals

Animal Care and Use Protocol is prepared by:

Principal Investigator

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

review all proposed activities in the animal use protocols involving animals

IACUC inspection frequency:

semi-annually

distribution of "say" in IACUC

equal say

frequency animals are checked by a vet

every day

lab veterinarian's Role:

-available for ______ emergency vet care

-consult on ________ design

24/7, experimental

Everyone involved in ensuring animal welfare is charged with implementing the 3 ___s

R;s

3 R's

replacement, refinement, reduction

replacement

avoid using animals or use less-sentient species

refinement

modification of procedures to enhance animal well-being and minimize/eliminate pain/distress

reduction

strategies to gather data from fewer animals

adverse events

possible negative outcomes that may occur

early removal criteria

criterion that is used to indicate the end point (euthanasia) for any animal

adverse events and ERC are ____/_____-specific

protocol/activity

Animal Welfare Act Definition of "Animal"

dog, cat monkey, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or other warm-blooded animal intended for use in research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition

animal welfare act excludes

-_____, ____, and ___ used for ___

-____ not used for research

-_____ animals intended for ___/___ or ___ intended to improve ____/___

-Mus spp. mice, Rattus spp. rats, and birds for research-horses

-farm animals, food/fiber or research food/fiber

AWA prohibits animal fighting with _____ or ____ commerce

interstate, foreign

horse protection act helps prevent

soring

soring

intentional infliction of pain to a horse's legs or hooves in order to force the horse to perform an artificial exaggerated gait

the horse protection act makes it illegal for sored horses to:

-participate in ___ or ____

-be transported to ____

-be sold at ____ or ____

-shows, exhibits

-shows

-sale, auction

twenty-eight hour law

cattle, sheep, goats, equids being transported interstate cannot be confined for more than 28 hours without 5 consecutive hours rest in suitable pens with food and water

28 hour law excludes

-animals:

-transportation method:

-birds

-airlines, boats

exhibition

circus, zoos, etc

humane methods of slaughter act regulates:

humane handling, humane slaughter

humane methods of slaughter act includes:

cattle, horses, mules, sheep, swine, goats

AAALAC helps protect

mice and rats used in research

PHS Policy and The Guide definition of "Animal"

vertebrate animal used or intended for use in research, training, experimentation, or biological testing

which 2 people are always required to be members of the IACUC?

vet and public/non-affiliated member

poor health can _____ welfare

compromise

stress is: ____ and _____

adaptive, additive

severe and/or prolonged stress can have a profound impact on ____ and ___

health, welfare

__-___% URI rates in shelters have been reported in literature

20-60

animal-based BEHAVIOR indicators in shelter med

avoidance, attempting escape, cage destruction, failure to groom/excessive grooming, inappetance/overeating, increased sleeping, pacing

animal-based PHYSICAL indicators in shelter med

poor BCS, unkempt, pain, untreated injury, infectious disease

resource-based indicators

light, noise, inadequate housing

light indicator

day/night cycle is necessary to maintain normal diurnal physiology

noise indicator

cage doors closing, water spraying, dogs barking

at least __ ft distance ______ between litter, food/water, and resting areas

2, triangulated

risk factors for URI in shelters

age, length of stay, inadequate housing

quick fixes

hiding opportunities, enrichment, reduce crowding, separate species, reduce noise, use top cages, add choices, add portals

long-term fixes

replace cages with larger multi-compartment cages, add small group housing, additional enrichment and maximize vertical space

working animals

animals that are trained and employed to perform specific tasks or services that assist humans

service animals (ADA)

dogs individually trained to perform tasks for people with disabilities

military and law enforcement animal

used for detection (ex: explosives, narcotics), patrol, search and rescue, and apprehension

therapy and emotional support animals

provide comfort in clinical or educational settings