AP World History Ginnochio: Chapter 3 (The Mongols) Terms to Know

Genghis Khan

Ruler of the Mongols.

The Mongols

Nomadic peoples from Central Asia who united and ended up creating the largest single land empire in history. Led by Genghis Khan.

Cavalry

Soldiers on horseback, the Mongols were extremely talented cavalrymen, an important weapon for them was the short bow.

Kuriltai

Meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected

Khagan

Supreme ruler of all the Mongols

Tumen

One unit of the Mongol fighting force: 10,000 people in a Tumen.

Karakorum

Mongol capital established by Genghis Khan

Batu Khan

Leader of the Golden Horde, known for conquering Russia.

Ogedei Khan

Successor of Genghis Khan, chosen by his father because of his ability to keep the Mongol Family from falling into chaos.

Prester John

A mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan. Conquests on Russia ended the European idea that the Mongols were a potential ally.

Mamluk Forces

Islamic people that finally managed to defeat Genghis Khan and they pushed the Mongols out of Egypt.

Baibars

(1223-1277) Commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians.

Berke

A leader of the Golden Horde

Kubilai Khan

grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271

Yuan Dynasty

Mongol rule over China, primarily led by Kubilai but eventually became corrupt.

Ibn Battuta

Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He detailed his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. Also inspired Christopher Columbus' travels.

Khanate

A division of the Mongol empire that almost functioned as its own empire. Ruled by a Khan.

Areas not controlled by Mongols

Sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, most of Western Europe, The Americas, Japan, India

Areas controlled by Mongols aka Mongol empire at its largest extent

Asia, Islamic Heartlands, Eastern Europe/Russia (largest land empire ever)

Qutuz

Leader of the Mamluks

Dadu

Capital of Yuan Dynasty established by Kubilai Khan. (present day Bejjing)

What were the Mongol Khanates?

Golden Horde, Yuan Dynasty (Great Khanate), Ilkhanate, Chaghatai Khanate.