Physiology of Endocrine System - Hyperprolactinemia

Flashcards about Hyperprolactinemia

What is Hyperprolactinemia?

A state of elevated prolactin (PRL) concentrations in the blood.

What is the well recognized upper limit for PRL in women?

25 ng/ml, but it may vary depending on the laboratory.

What is the etiology of hyperprolactinemia?

Physiological (pregnancy, sleep, sexual intercourse), drug-induced (e.g., antipsychotic drugs) or pathological.

What are the most common pathologies linked to hyperprolactinemia?

A PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma), and damage of the pituitary stalk caused by neoplasm, inflammatory disease or trauma.

What clinical presentation is present when PRL serum concentrations are above 100 ng/ml?

The classical amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome is present when PRL serum concentrations are above 100 ng/ml.

What is the primary function of prolactin?

To enhance breast development during pregnancy and to induce lactation.

How is hyperprolactinemia assessed?

Laboratory and imaging studies.

When should blood be drawn when testing for hyperprolactinemia?

After fasting

What are normal fasting values of prolactin?

Less than 25-30 ng/mL, depending on the individual laboratory, but can also vary for a number of reasons.

What can Hyperprolactinemia cause?

A variety of menstrual abnormalities.

What is the first-line treatment for a prolactinoma?

Cabergoline