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What is Menarche?
The first menstruation in a female begins around the age of 12-13. This first period is known as MENARCHE
How often does menstruation recur?
The menstruation recurs after a span of 28 to 35 days.
What cycle occurs in the female reproductive system?
This CYCLE is an important process that occurs in the female reproductive system.
What does the female reproductive system consist of?
The female reproductive system consists of a pair of OVARIES, the fallopian tubes, the uterus and the VAGINA
What gland secretes a follicle stimulating hormone?
The PITUITARY gland, situated at the base of the BRAIN, secretes a FOLLICLE stimulating hormone into the blood stream.
What does follicle-stimulating hormone do?
The blood carrying the follicle-stimulating hormone reaches the ovaries and causes an ovum or egg to MATURE in one of the ovaries.
When does the ovary release the mature ovum?
This ovary releases the mature ovum into the fallopian tube, between day 13 and day 15 of the menstrual cycle.
What is Ovulation?
he process where a mature egg is released from an ovary, typically about midway through the menstrual cycle around day 14
What hormone causes the uterine wall to thicken?
The ovary also releases a hormone called OESTROGEN into the blood stream, which causes the uterine wall to THICKEN in preparation to receive the fertilised egg.
What happens in the absence of fertilization?
In the absence of fertilisation, the egg degenerates, and causes the level of the oestrogen released by the ovary to DECREASE in the blood stream.
What causes the thinning of the uterine wall?
This decrease in the hormone level causes a THINNING of the uterine wall.
What does the thinning of the uterine wall cause?
This causes the lining of the uterine wall to degenerate.
How often is the menstrual cycle repeated?
This cycle is repeated every month.
What is Menopause?
The end of a woman’s reproductive phase is known as MENOPAUSE, and it occurs usually between the ages of 45 and 55.
What is an Ovary?
An ovum producing reproductive organ.
What is a Fallopian tube?
A tube-like structure that extends from the ovary to the uterus.
What is the Uterus?
A hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and the rectum.
What is Menstruation?
A periodic discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus and the vagina.
What is Menarche?
The first menstrual cycle in females.
What is Menopause?
The last menstrual cycle in females.
What is Menarche?
The first menstruation in a female begins around the age of 12-13. This first period is known as MENARCHE
How often does menstruation recur?
The menstruation recurs after a span of 28 to 35 days.
What cycle occurs in the female reproductive system?
This CYCLE is an important process that occurs in the female reproductive system.
What does the female reproductive system consist of?
The female reproductive system consists of a pair of OVARIES, the fallopian tubes, the uterus and the VAGINA
What gland secretes a follicle stimulating hormone?
The PITUITARY gland, situated at the base of the BRAIN, secretes a FOLLICLE stimulating hormone into the blood stream.
What does follicle-stimulating hormone do?
The blood carrying the follicle-stimulating hormone reaches the ovaries and causes an ovum or egg to MATURE in one of the ovaries.
When does the ovary release the mature ovum?
This ovary releases the mature ovum into the fallopian tube, between day 13 and day 15 of the menstrual cycle.
What is Ovulation?
What hormone causes the uterine wall to thicken?
The ovary also releases a hormone called OESTROGEN into the blood stream, which causes the uterine wall to THICKEN in preparation to receive the fertilised egg.
What happens in the absence of fertilization?
In the absence of fertilisation, the egg degenerates, and causes the level of the oestrogen released by the ovary to DECREASE in the blood stream.
What causes the thinning of the uterine wall?
This decrease in the hormone level causes a THINNING of the uterine wall.
What does the thinning of the uterine wall cause?
This causes the lining of the uterine wall to degenerate.
How often is the menstrual cycle repeated?
This cycle is repeated every month.
What is Menopause?
The end of a woman’s reproductive phase is known as MENOPAUSE, and it occurs usually between the ages of 45 and 55.
What is an Ovary?
An ovum producing reproductive organ.
What is a Fallopian tube?
A tube-like structure that extends from the ovary to the uterus.
What is the Uterus?
A hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and the rectum.
What is Menstruation?
A periodic discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus and the vagina.
What is Menarche?
The first menstrual cycle in females.
What is Menopause?
The last menstrual cycle in females.
List three signs which indicate labour has started.
A “show” – where the mucus plug from the cervix is released.
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Regular contractions which increase slowly
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Waters breaking
During the early stages of labour, explain three signs/reasons which suggest you should go to hospital.
Contractions are regular and strong, occurring every 5 minutes or less.
·
Waters have broken, especially if the fluid is green or brown.
·
Heavy bleeding or reduced fetal movements.
Labour is divided into three main stages – what are they?
Cervix dilates
·
Baby is born
·
Placenta is expelled
Name two medical and two non-medical forms of pain relief during labour.
Medical: Epidural, gas and air (nitrous oxide).
Non-medical: Breathing techniques, water therapy (warm baths)
The APGAR score:
At what times after birth is this done?
Ø Name the five vital signs it checks.
1-5mins after birth, baby is cheked for:Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration (breathing rate and effort).
Forceps delivery
Assisted birth using forceps to guide the baby out
Ventouse/vacuum delivery
Uses suction to help deliver the baby
Breech birth
Baby is positioned feet or bottom first instead of head first
Induction
Labour is medically started using drugs or other methods
Episiotomy
A small cut made to help with delivery.
Birth canal
The passage through which the baby is born
Define a caesarean section (C-section)
surgery where baby is cut from the uterus from an incision through the mother’s abdomen
What is the difference between an elective and emergency c-section and why are these performed? (give an example of the reasons for each type)
Elective is planned while emergency one is unplanned - maybe due to foetal distress
List the risks and possible complications of a c-section.
Infection, blood loss, and longer recovery time
Explain how a support person can help during labour?
Mainly emotional reassurance and support.
Can health guide them through breathing techniques
Dilation of cervix – 3 phases
(i) Latent - longest and least painful, cervix is dialated to 0-3cm dilated . mild contractions
(ii) Active – 3-8 cm dialted , strong and painful contractions - 3-4 cm apart, and is 30-60 cm long
(iii) Transition – cervix 8-10cm dialated (complete dialagtions). Most intense contractions, and they feel like there are no gaps between contractions. Pushing stage begins
Birth of baby
Pushing stage and full dilation for birth
Delivery of placenta
5-30 minutes after birth, light contractions take place to push placenta out. Moderate loss of blood.