Chapter 26
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52 Terms
Anal Canal
Length of 3.8 cm long in the adult, slants forward toward the umbilicus.
Lining of Anal Canal
Lined with modified skin that has no hair or sebaceous glands.
External Sphincter
Under voluntary control and surrounds the internal sphincter.
Rectum
Length of 12 cm long, turns posteriorly just above the anal canal.
Anorectal Junction
Cannot be palpated; where the anal columns end.
Prostate Gland Function
Secretes a thin, milky, alkaline fluid enhancing sperm viability.
Sigmoid Colon Length
About 40 cm long and only accessible with a colonoscope.
Colorectal Screening Age (2024)
Colonoscopy starts at age 45.
High-Risk Men PSA Screening
Black men start annual PSA at age 45.
Dyschezia
Painful bowel movements, indicating a local problem such as hemorrhoids.
Steatorrhea
Pale, yellow, greasy stool indicating increased fat content from malabsorption.
Melena
Black, tarry stools indicating occult blood from a GI bleed.
Black Stool (Tarry) Meaning
Indicates an upper GI bleed.
Pale, Yellow, Greasy Stool
Indicates increased fat or Steatorrhea.
Patient Positioning for Rectum Exam (Female)
Left lateral decubitus position to examine only the rectum.
Palpation Technique
Gently place the pad of the finger against the anal verge and wait for relaxation.
Infant Anal Reflex
Quick contraction of the sphincter when the anal area is gently stroked.
Thrombosed Hemorrhoid Symptoms
Painful, swollen, itches, and bleeds with defecation.
Pilonidal Cyst Appearance
Dimple with a visible tuft of hair over the coccyx.
Fecal Impaction Symptoms
Hard feces in the rectum, patient feels 'full' with no BM for days.
Rectal Carcinoma Feeling
Firm or hard mass with irregular shape or rolled edges.
Prostatitis Symptoms
Tender, swollen, boggy gland; fever, chills, malaise, urinary frequency.
BPH (Benign) Gland Feeling
Symmetrically enlarged, smooth, and rubbery gland; median sulcus lost.
Prostate Cancer Feeling
Single hard nodule on posterior surface; feels asymmetric, stone hard, and fixed.
Anal Canal
Length of 3.8 cm long in the adult, slants forward toward the umbilicus.
Lining of Anal Canal
Lined with modified skin that has no hair or sebaceous glands.
External Sphincter
Under voluntary control and surrounds the internal sphincter.
Rectum
Length of 12 cm long, turns posteriorly just above the anal canal.
Anorectal Junction
Cannot be palpated; where the anal columns end.
Prostate Gland Function
Secretes a thin, milky, alkaline fluid enhancing sperm viability.
Sigmoid Colon Length
About 40 cm long and only accessible with a colonoscope.
Colorectal Screening Age (2024)
Colonoscopy starts at age 45.
High-Risk Men PSA Screening
Black men start annual PSA at age 45.
Dyschezia
Painful bowel movements, indicating a local problem such as hemorrhoids.
Steatorrhea
Pale, yellow, greasy stool indicating increased fat content from malabsorption.
Melena
Black, tarry stools indicating occult blood from a GI bleed.
Patient Positioning for Rectum Exam (Female)
Left lateral decubitus position to examine only the rectum.
Palpation Technique
Gently place the pad of the finger against the anal verge and wait for relaxation.
Infant Anal Reflex
Quick contraction of the sphincter when the anal area is gently stroked.
Thrombosed Hemorrhoid Symptoms
Painful, swollen, itches, and bleeds with defecation.
Pilonidal Cyst Appearance
Dimple with a visible tuft of hair over the coccyx.
Fecal Impaction Symptoms
Hard feces in the rectum, patient feels 'full' with no BM for days.
Rectal Carcinoma Feeling
Firm or hard mass with irregular shape or rolled edges.
Prostatitis Symptoms
Tender, swollen, boggy gland; fever, chills, malaise, urinary frequency.
BPH (Benign) Gland Feeling
Symmetrically enlarged, smooth, and rubbery gland; median sulcus lost.
Prostate Cancer Feeling
Single hard nodule on posterior surface; feels asymmetric, stone hard, and fixed.
Internal Sphincter Control
Under involuntary control and a continuation of the inner circular muscle layer of the anus.
Anal Columns
Longitudinal folds of mucosa containing arteries and veins, ending at the anorectal junction.
Valves of Houston
Three semilunar transverse folds within the rectum that assist in holding stool.
Normal Prostate Gland Feeling
Heart-shaped, movable, non-tender, with a palpable median sulcus.
BPH
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
PSA
Prostate-Specific Antigen.