chapter 3 nonverbal beh & communication

Universal facial expressions of emotion

Happiness, Sadness, Surprise, Fear, Anger, Disgust.

Why are facial expressions considered universal?

All humans have similar expressions to the same events and can recognize facial expressions across different cultures.

First impressions

Formed within 100 milliseconds based on facial features.

Study by Hartley et al (2014) findings

Masculine faces are seen as dominant, smiling faces as approachable and trustworthy, larger eyes suggest youthfulness.

Problem with first impressions based on faces

Short-lived emotional expressions are not always indicators of a person's lasting personality.

Interpersonal distance zones

Implicit cultural rules about personal space boundaries.

Intimate distance

Up to 18 inches, used for love-making and wrestling.

Personal distance

1.5 to 4 feet, used for close friends and family.

Social distance

4 to 12 feet, used for acquaintances and business.

Public speaking distance

Beyond 12 feet, used for public speaking.

Factors affecting interpersonal space

Gender, Age, Personality, Culture.