Topic 3 - Computers

Revision

Mnemonics

Techniques or strategies consciously used to improve memory. 

Assembly code

converted into executable machine code.

Machine code

Instructions written in binary that a CPU can directly understand and execute. 

Translator

Translators are needed to translate programs written in high level languages into the machine code that a computer understands. 

Compiler

A compiler takes the source code as a whole and translates it into object code all in one go.

Interpreter

A program that translates and runs a high-level language program one line at a time. 

High-level language

A programming language that uses human-readable syntax and is independent of the hardware it runs on. 

Low-level language

A programming language that is closely tied to a specific processor's instruction set, such as assembly language. 

Anti-malware

 It works by scanning through all the files on a computer and checking them against a list (known as definitions) of known malware. 

Disk defragmentation

Defragmentation software takes the fragmented files and rearranges the segments so that they run contiguously.  

Data compression

files are reduced in size without the loss of data. 

Backup

backup files on a network server at regular set intervals.

Utility software

Software that helps maintain, manage or protect a computer system, such as antivirus or disk cleanup tools. 

File repair

• File repair software is used to restore files to their original state in the event of a file becoming Damaged and Corrupt

User management

user manager keeps track of which users can access the system and who is currently logged in. 

Peripheral management

Peripherals are hardware devices connected to a computer, such as a monitor, printer, scanner or camera.

Process management

Process management is a process carried out by the operating system dividing time (time slicing) in to small chunks and allocating them to different processes.

File management

Files are managed by your computer operating system. The operating system determines how files can be named and what happens when you attempt to open a file.