APHUG module 9/10

Population dynamics refers to how human populations __________ and change.

grow

Population is __________, meaning it can increase, decrease, or stay stable.

fluid

Ending population = starting population + births − deaths + __________ − emigrants.

immigrants

Population measures help reveal a place’s living standards, development, age structure, and __________ needs.

future

Births and immigration __________ people; deaths and emigration remove people.

add

Population grew rapidly after the __________ because deaths—especially infant/child deaths—fell while births remained high.

Industrial Revolution

Better food, sanitation, clean water, and medicine lowered __________.

deaths

Low birth-rate category is defined as __________ per 1,000.

10–20

Transitional birth-rate category is defined as __________ per 1,000.

20–30

High birth-rate category is defined as __________ in the textbook.

above 30 per 1,000

Replacement fertility is __________, enough children to replace both parents over time.

2.1

Sustained below-replacement fertility leads to eventual __________.

natural decrease

The best single indicator of living standards is __________.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

IMR reflects health, nutrition, sanitation, education, housing, and __________ access.

medical

An RNI of 0% indicates __________ population growth.

zero

Doubling time can be calculated using the rule of __________.

70

The Doubling time formula is 70 ÷ __________ percent.

growth

Epidemiological transition theory discusses how better living standards change the main causes of __________.

death

A high crude death rate does not automatically mean poor __________ care.

health

Chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease are examples from __________ diseases.

degenerative

IMR is generally lower in more-developed countries and higher in __________ countries.

less-developed