1-2. Introduction to Chemistry & Scientific Method

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38 Terms

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Scientia

Science comes from a Latin word meaning “to know”

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Science

The body of knowledge about nature that represents the collective efforts, findings, insights and wisdom of the human race

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Science

It is a way of solving problems in the world. It is the search for answers to questions about nature

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Chemistry

It is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

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Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon containing compounds, including their structure, properties, synthesis, and reactions,

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Inorganic Chemistry

The study of compounds that do not contain carbon.

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Inorganic Chemistry

It covers topics like metals, minerals, nonmetals, coordination compounds, and materials chemistry

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Physical Chemistry

It combines principles of physics and chemistry to understand the fundamental properties and behavior of matter.

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Physical Chemistry

It encompasses topics such as thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, spectroscopy, kinetics, and electrochemistry.

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Analytical Chemistry

It focuses on the development and application of methods to determine the composition, structure, and concentration of substances.

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Analytical Chemistry

It involves techniques like spectroscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry, and electrochemical analysis.

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Biochemistry

It explores the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.

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Biochemistry

It investigates topics such as proteins, enzymes, DNA, metabolism, and the biochemical basis of diseases.

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Environmental Chemistry

It studies the impact of chemicals on the environment and how natural processes affect the distribution and behavior of chemical species.

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Environmental Chemistry

It addresses issues like pollution, climate change, and the development of sustainable practices.

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Material Chemistry

It focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and design of new materials with desired properties for various applications, including electronics, energy storage, catalysis, and nanotechnology.

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Theoretical Chemistry

The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds.

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Industrial Chemistry

It involves the application of chemical principles to large-scale production processes.

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Industrial Chemistry

It plays a crucial role in sectors like pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, polymers, fertilizers, and consumer goods

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Medicinal Chemistry

It combines knowledge from various fields to design and develop drugs.

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Medicinal Chemistry

It involves the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of chemical compounds for therapeutic purposes.

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1. The universe behaves in a consistent and predictable manner.

2. Through study, we can understand this behavior.

All science is based on two big assumptions:

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scientific hypothesis
Once observations have been made and data gathered, scientists try to explain how or why things happen in the manner observed. They state a possible explanation called a _.
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  1. Problem/Question

  2. Observation/Research

  3. Formulate a Hypothesis

  4. Experiment

  5. Collect and Analyze Results

  6. Conclusion

  7. Communicate the Result

7 Steps of Scientific Method

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Hypothesis
A possible explanation for an observation, formed after gathering data
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Theory
A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and widely accepted as the best explanation of observable facts
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Problem/Question
A question or issue that can be investigated through experimentation
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Observation/Research
Gathering information and studying the topic of interest before forming a hypothesis
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Formulate a hypothesis
Predicting a possible answer or explanation to the problem or question
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Experiment
A procedure to test a hypothesis with measurable outcomes
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Collect and analyze results
Recording, examining, and confirming data, often using tables, graphs, or photographs
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Conclusion
A statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis and suggests further research or improvements
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Communicate the results
Sharing findings with others and being ready to answer questions
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Independent variable
The factor intentionally changed by the experimenter to test its effect
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Dependent variable
The factor measured in an experiment that changes in response to the independent variable
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Control group
The group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a standard for comparison
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Constants
Factors kept the same in all groups of an experiment to ensure a fair test
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Trials
Repeated tests of the same conditions to ensure reliability of results.