Leslie's PAVLOV notes Pt. 2

No obvious impairment, some changes observable on performance testing.

Blood Alcohol (% W/V)?

0.01-0.05

Mild euphoria, decreased inhabitations, some impairment of motor skills.

Blood Alcohol (% W/V)?

0.03-0.12

Decreased inhibitions, loss of critical judgment, memory impairment, diminished reaction time.

Blood Alcohol (% W/V)?

0.09-0.25

Mental confusion , dizziness, strongly impaired motor skills (staggering, slurred speech)

Blood Alcohol (% W/V)?

0.18-0.30

Unable to stand or walk, vomiting, impaired consciousness.

Blood Alcohol (% W/V)?

0.27-0.40

Coma and possible death.

Blood Alcohol (% W/V)?

0.35-0.50

What are the factors that may affect therapeutic drug monitoring?

Age, Sex and Renal function

Antitussive

Codeine

Conversion factor of Sodium

1

Conversion factor of TG

0.011 or 0.0113

RMT collected blood an hour after oral drug administration. The RMT is measuring?

Peak

Collect blood immediately (or 30 minutes) before the next dose

Trough

Drugs of abuse

Urine

TLC (screening) -> GCMS (gold st)

TDM

Serum or HEPARINZED plasma

HPLC or Immunoassays

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Chromobacterium, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Bulkholderia, Bordetella, Alcaligenes, etc.

Oxidase positive bacteria

Enterobacteriaceae (except Pleisiomonas)

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas Francisella

Oxidase negative bacteria

Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Parvoviridae

DNA virus families

Type of BSC that exhausts air outside the building

Class IIB

Vertical laminar flow BSCs

Class II BSC

allow room (unsterilized) air to pass into the cabinet and around the area and material within, sterilizing only the air to be exhausted

Class I BSC

self-contained, and 70% of the air is recirculated

Class IIa BSC

Air is discharged outside the building. Selected if radioisotopes, toxic chemicals, or carcinogens will be used.

Class IIb BSC

Air coming into and going out of the cabinet is filter sterilized, and the infectious material is handled with rubber gloves that are attached and sealed to the cabinet.

Class III BSC

Exposure Control Plan In the microbiology laboratory

Laboratory Director and Supervisor

What temperature should the incubator be set for in the isolation of pathogenic organisms?

35 C ± 2 C

Fungi incubation temp.

30 C

Virus temp. for

Culture: __ C (RT) or __ C

Transport: -__ C

Storage: 0-__ C

Virus temp. for

Culture: 25 C (RT) or 37 C

Transport: -70 C

Storage: 0-4 C

As a general rule, ________ skin is more prone to bacterial infection

Moist

Method used in sterilization of culture media

Autoclave

Membrane filtration

What type of plasma is used for the tube coagulase test?

Rabbit plasma

A positive tube coagulase test is observed for

(+) clot of any size

(-) no clot (Bailey and Scott's)

Peptone medium with Andrade's indicator was inoculated with P. aeruginosa. After a period of incubation, what is the color of the medium?

Yellow

Fermentation media for enterics and coryneforms

Peptone medium with Andrade's indicator

Peptone medium with Andrade's indicator (for enterlcs and coryneforms)

Positive: indicator change to _____ with or without gas formation in Durham tube

Negative: Growth, but no change in color. Medium remains ____ to ____- colored.

Positive, with gas: __________ ____

Positive, no gas: __________ ________

Negative: ______________ ________ (Bailey and Scott)

Peptone medium with Andrade's indicator (for enterlcs and coryneforms)

Positive: indicator change to pink with or without gas formation in Durham tube

Negative: Growth, but no change in color. Medium remains clear to straw- colored.

Positive, with gas: Escherichia coli

Positive, no gas: Shigella flexneri

Negative: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Bailey and Scott)

Ideal specimens for keratitis are

are corneal scrapings for smears and cultures collected by an ophthalmologist.

Purpose of Potassium Tellurite in CTBA medium

Inhibit normal flora

Black or brownish colonies from the reduction of tellurite

C. diphtheriae, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Brown halo surrounding the colony (owing to cystinase activity)

C. diphtheriae, C, ulcerans, and C. pseudotuberculosis

Bacterla that shows colorless colonies with black centers on XLD

Salmonella

XLD

Colorless: __________

Colorless w/ Black center: ___________

Yellow: ______________

XLD

Colorless: Shigella

Colorless w/ Black center: Salmonella

Yellow: Lactose Fermenter

EMB

Lactose fermenter: _____ to ______

NLF: ______

EMB

Lactose fermenter: Pink to purple

NLF: colorless

Mac

LF: _____ colonies

NLF: _________

Mac

LF: Pink colonies

NLF: colorless

HEA

LF, H2S (-): _______

LF, H2S (+); _______ w/ black center

NLF, H2S (-): ______ colonies

NLF, H2S (+): ______ colonies w/ black center

HEA

LF, H2S (-): Yellow

LF, H2S (+); Yellow w/ black center

NLF, H2S (-): green colonies

NLF, H2S (+): Green colonies w/ black center

SSA

Colorless: ___________

Colorless w/ Black center: __________

SSA

Colorless: Shigella;

Colorless w/ Black center: Salmonella

In Gram staining, Clostridium species are

Gram-positive bacilli

Gram-positive bacilli "MACCBELLANGA"

Mycobacteria, Arcanobacterium, Corynebacteia, Clostridia, Bacillus, Erysipelothrix, Listeria, Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Gardnerella, Arcanobacterium

Gram-positive bacilli "LBC" Catalase (+)

Listeria, Bacillus (spore-forming), Corynebacteria

Gram-positive bacilli "WELGA" Catalase (-)

Weisella, Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Arcanobacterium

Gram-positive bacilli "CAN"

Clostridium

Actinomyces

Nocardia

Gram-negative cocci

Aerobic: ___________, ___________

Anaerobic: _____________

Gram negative cocci

Aerobic: Nelsseria, Moraxella Anaerobic: Veillonella

Large zone of beta hemolysis

S. pyogenes

Campylobacter is a (an)

Obligate microaerophile

A gram-negative, slender, curved rod with a single polar flagellum is the cause of enteritis and best Isolated on

Campy blood agar (or Skirrow's medium)

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan Virus Is an RNA virus also known as

Echovirus

Echovirus

Infantile diarrhea

Rotavirus

Infant gastroenteritis during winter (most common)

Norwalk virus

Adult gastroenteritis during winter

Parecho virus

Summer diarrhea

Which hemoglobin is incompatible with malaria parasite survival?

Hb-SS

Resistant to malarial invasion with Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax

Fy(a-b-)

Protective against Falciparum malaria

Sickle cell trait (Belizario)

can survive in blood components stored at room temperature or 4°C for at least a week, and deglycerolized RBCs can transmit disease. It is the most common parasitic complication of transfusion.

Plasmodium

Large lateral spine: S. _______

Inconspicuous lateral spine or lateral knob: S. ________

Large terminal spine: S. _________

Large lateral spine: S. mansoni

Inconspicuous lateral spine or lateral knob: S. japonicum

Large terminal spine: S. hematobium

__________ disease is included in the WHO list of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), and is the leading cause of parasite-related deaths in Latin America. It ranked 3rd as the leading cause of parasitic Infection in the world, behind malaria and schistosomiasis.

Chagas disease

Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, characterized by lesion formation (chagoma), conjunctivitis, edema of the face (Romana's sign) and legs, and heart muscle involvement leading to myocarditis

Trypanosoma cruzi

West African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness: ___________ ________ __________

East African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness: ___________ ________ __________

West African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

East African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Swollen lymph nodes at the posterior base of the neck

Winterbottom's sign

Which of the foilowing viruses causes acute CNS disease in humans and animals?

Rabies

Stimulates production of chlamydospores for identifying C. albicans

Cornmeal agar with Tween 80

AFB in Ziehl-Neeisen or Kinyoun stain: ___

Non-AFB: ____

AFB in Ziehl-Neeisen or Kinyoun stain: Red

Non-AFB: Blue

Agent of bacterial vaginosis

Gardnerella vaginalis

Media for Aspergiflus

Czapeck's agar

Stain in Aman's medium

Lactophenol cotton blue

Hexacanth embryo that lacks polar filaments

H. diminuta

Destroyed by Oxygen

Streptolysin O

Preferred blood specimen for blood smear of protozoa

Finger puncture

Automated antimicrobial susceptibility systems (3)

Vitek

WalkAway System

Phoenix System

Cercaria minus its tail

Schistosomule

Endotracheal aspirate

Respiratory specimen for patients on ventilators

OX-2 and OX-19 → P. _____

OX-K → P. ______

OX-2 and OX-19 → P. vulgaris

OX-K → P. mirabilis

OX-2 + → R. __________

OX-19 + → R. _________

OX-K - → R. ______

OX-2 + → R. rickettsi

OX-19 + → R. prowazekil

OX-K - → R. typhi

Enterobacteriaceae "CPON NO GF FA"

Enterobacteriaceae "CPON NO GF FA"

Catalase+, Oxidase-, NO3 reduction+, Glucose Fermenter, Facultative Anaerobes

Test for glomerular filtration

Cystatin C

Creatinine clearance

B2-microglobulin

Inulin, Radioisotopes

Renal tubular reabsorption tests {also known as concentration tests)

- Used to detect early renal disease

Osmolality, Specific gravity

Osmolar/Free Water Clearance

Mosenthal Dilutional Test

Fishberg Concentration Test

Cloudy CSF: ______ (ratio)

CSF Total Cell count diluent: ___

CSF WBC count diluent: _% acetic acid with Methylene Blue

Cloudy CSF: 1:200

CSF Total Cell count diluent: NSS

CSF WBC count diluent: 3% acetic acid with Methylene Blue

Appearance of CSF - Dilution

Clear - Undiluted

Slightly Hazy - 1:10

Hazy - 1:__

Slightly cloudy - 1:100

Cloudy - 1:200

Bloody/Turbid - 1:_____

Appearance of CSF - Dilution

Clear - Undiluted

Slightly Hazy - 1:10

Hazy - 1:20

Slightly cloudy - 1:100

Cloudy - 1:200

Bloody/Turbid - 1:10,000

How will you observe for transparency of urine?

looking down through the container against a white background and a good light source

______ - No visible particulates, transparent

______ - Few particulates, print easlly seen through urine

______ - Many particulates, print blurred through urine

______ - Print cannot be seen

______ - May precipitate or be clotted

Clear - No visible particulates, transparent

Hazy - Few particulates, print easlly seen through urine

Cloudy - Many particulates, print blurred through urine

Turbid - Print cannot be seen

Milky - May precipitate or be clotted

______ - no visible particulate matter present

______ - some visible particulate matter present; newsprint is not distorted or obscured when viewed through the urine

______ - newsprint can be seen through the urine, but letters are distorted or blurry

______ - newsprint cannot be seen through the urine

Clear - no visible particulate matter present

Hazy - some visible particulate matter present; newsprint is not distorted or obscured when viewed through the urine

Cloudy - newsprint can be seen through the urine, but letters are distorted or blurry

Turbid - newsprint cannot be seen through the urine

Percentage of SSA reagent in SSA test

3%

`

Turbidity → Protein Range (mg/dL)

No increase in turbidity → Less than 6

Noticeable turbidity → 6-__

Distinct turbidity, no granulation → __—100

Turbidity, granulation, no flocculation → 100—___

Turbidity, granulation, flocculation → 200—___

Clumps of protein → >400

Turbidity → Protein Range (mg/dL)

No increase in turbidity → Less than 6

Noticeable turbidity → 6-30

Distinct turbidity, no granulation → 30—100

Turbidity, granulation, no flocculation → 100—200

Turbidity, granulation, flocculation → 200—400

Clumps of protein → >400

interferes with specific gravity using refractometer

Radiographic contrast media, dextran or othsr high-molecular-weight Intravenous fluids (plasma expanders)

for each gram of protein present subtract _____

for each gram of glucose present subtract _____

for each gram of protein present subtract 0.003

for each gram of glucose present subtract 0.004

Calibrated using: distilled water → 1.00

5% Nacl → _____±0.001

9% sucrose → _____±0.001

Calibrated using: distilled water → 1.00

5% Nacl → 1.022±0.001

9% sucrose → 1.034±0.001

For every 3°C ABOVE reference temp ______ 0.001

For every 3°C BELOW reference temp ______ 0.001

For every 3°C ABOVE reference temp ADD 0.001

For every 3°C BELOW reference temp SUBTRACT 0.001

Wood, paper, clothing - Class ?

Electrical - Class ?

Wood, paper, clothing - Class A

Electrical - Class C

Microscope lens that magnifies the image formed by the objective.

Ocular

Directs and focuses the beam of light from the bulb onto the material under examination

Condenser

Giant head, pin head, amorphous head

poor ovum penetration

Sperm tail abnormalities

Double, coiled, or bent