Micro chapter 5,6,7

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What kind of cells do viruses infect?

Bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa, plants and animals

What is the definition of a “virus”?

Unique group of biological entities known to infect every type of cellular organism

What is the origin of the term “virus”?

poison

Why can’t we use term “cell” to describe viruses?

they lack the fundamental structure and functional machinery that defines cellular life

Structure: made up of nucleic acids, can be either DNA or RNA but never both

Structure of central core

The core contains only the essential genetic instructions required to invade a host cell, redirect its machinery, and force it to synthesize new viral components.

function of central core

Made of proteins, It is constructed from identical protein subunits called capsomeres

structure of a capsid

It encloses and protects the fragile nucleic acids in the central core from environmental damage

function of a capsid

The envelope is a flexible outer membrane composed of a lipid bilayer interspersed with viral proteins, often called spikes

describes the envelope

It protects the inner nucleocapsid and assists the virus in avoiding the host’s immune detection

envelopes function

A continuous, hollow, cylinder- or rod-like helix. What is the shape

helical

These cylinders link up, and the viral nucleic acid strand coils directly into the center of the helix. Naked helical capsids are very rigid, while enveloped helical capsids tend to be more flexible. What is this structure?

Helical

A three-dimensional, symmetrical, 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners. What is the shape?

icosahedral

The arrangement and number of capsomeres vary depending on the specific virus. They can be constructed from a single type or several different types of capsomures. what is the structure?

icosahedral

Intricate, non-symmetrical, and irregular shapes that often feature multiple parts. what is the shape?

Complex

These capsids are found only in viruses that infect bacteria. They are constructed from multiple types of proteins and, unlike the other two types, complex capsids are never enveloped. what is the strutcure?

Complex