Science, Technology, and Society: Historical Perspectives and Philippine Innovations

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the definitions of science, historical periods, scientific revolutions, and significant Filipino inventors and their contributions.

Scientia

The Latin origin of the word 'science', meaning 'know'.

John Heilbron

A famous American science historian who considered science as both a discovery of regularity in nature and an invention of techniques and apparatuses.

Mark Zuckerberg

American computer programmer who defined a technological tool as something that augments and makes a human’s sense or ability more powerful.

Lewis Wolpert

A developmental biologist who argued that reliable scientific knowledge is value-free and has no moral or ethical value, distinct from technology.

Carl Sagan

American astronomer who noted that we live in a society dependent on science and technology where almost no one understands them, calling it a 'prescription for disaster'.

Science and Technology Studies (STS)

A relatively new academic field that builds bridges between disciplines like sociology, law, and science to explore the difference it makes to human societies as producers and users of technology.

Helix

A digital app store designed to help individuals read their genome.

The Textalyzer

A tool used to determine if a driver was on their phone before an accident to battle texting and driving.

Social Credit Systems

A system debut by China in $2020$ regarding online reputation.

Stone Age

A period contemporaneous with the evolution of the genus Homo, characterized by the manufacture of tools such as Obsidian.

Bronze Age

The second principal period of the three-age system, characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and urban civilization.

Christian Jürgensen Thomsen

The scholar who proposed the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system for classifying and studying ancient societies in modern times.

Iron Age

The final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity.

Turin Papyrus

An Egyptian map that shows the plan of a gold mine in Nubia.

The Four Great Inventions of China

The magnetic compass, gunpowder, paper making, and printing.

Joseph Needham

A Scottish researcher who documented Chinese discoveries including the double-action piston pump and the multi-tube seed drill.

Roman Technology

The collection of techniques utilized by ancient Rome, limited by energy sources such as human, animal, and water.

Verge Escapement

A mechanical clock technology that replaced hourglasses during the Middle Ages.

Flying Buttress

An iconic architectural development of the Middle Ages.

Astrolabe

An instrument from the Middle Ages described as an 'early computer'.

Copernican Revolution

The paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic (Earth-centered) model to the heliocentric (Sun-centered) model of the universe.

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

The book published by Nicolaus Copernicus in $1543$ that detailed his heliocentric theory of the universe.

Darwinism

Darwin's theory of evolution, divided into five parts: 'evolution as such', common descent, gradualism, population speciation, and natural selection.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Freud's theory of personality development arguing that personality is formed through conflicts between the id, ego, and superego.

Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

The Philippine government agency that replaced the National Science and Technology Authority in $1986$.

Maria Y. Orosa

A Filipina food technologist ($1893–1945$) credited with inventing banana ketchup.

Dr. Fe del Mundo

A Research Fellow in Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School credited with inventing the bamboo incubator for rural communities.

Dr. Abelardo Aguilar

The scientist who discovered the bacteria Streptomyces erythraeus (now Saccharopolyspora erythraea), leading to the antibiotic erythromycin in $1949$.

Ramon Barba

The scientist who proposed using the chemical spray Etherel ($2\text{-chloroethylphosphonic acid}$) to induce flowering in mango trees.

Diosdado Banatao

The inventor from Cagayan Valley who developed the first single-chip $16$-bit microprocessor-based calculator and the first Windows Graphics accelerator chip.