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A fifth-grade student with cerebral palsy has average intelligence and intelligible speech but limited mobility and, as a result, struggles greatly with both fine motor and gross motor skills. To best help the student successfully complete written assignments, the teacher should provide a

voice recognition software program

In which of the following scenarios is it most appropriate for a teacher to begin to use prompt-fading techniques to support a student's skill development?

A student reciprocates greetings only when the teacher provides verbal reminders.

The teacher of a multigrade self-contained special education classroom considers the needs and abilities of the following students to group them for an upcoming mathematics lesson.

Student 1 is a first grader with the following IEP goal. "Given paper circles and squares, the student will fold the papers and identify one-half and one-fourth of the whole with at least 80% accuracy."
Student 2 is a second grader with the following IEP goal. "Given a variety of concrete fraction models of halves, fourths, and eighths, the student will correctly name the fractional parts with at least 80% accuracy."
Student 3 is a third grader with the following IEP goal. "Given a set of ten one-step problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators, the student will solve them with at least 80% accuracy."
Student 4 is a fourth grader with the following IEP goal. "When shown the first two steps of a pattern, the student will extend the pattern twice with 80% accuracy on three consecutive days."
Based on the students' IEP goals, which of the following grouping formats is most appropriate?

Teaching the first and second graders together while the others work independently

Which of the following actions most effectively demonstrates that a student with cognitive delays has developed a generalization of the concept "red"?

Identifying a red sweater, a red truck in the play area, and the red apple in a basket of fruit

Which of the following is an appropriate research-based compensatory intervention for a student with a traumatic brain injury that affects the student's expressive-language ability?

Creating a picture notebook of important items to facilitate communication

An eighth-grade English-language learner (ELL) understands and speaks conversational English with decreasing hesitancy but is significantly below grade level in reading comprehension skills. Which of the following best indicates that the source of the student's difficulty is most likely a learning disability and not a language barrier?

Exhibiting plateaued growth in literacy skills over time despite receiving help

Which of the following IEP goals is most appropriate for preparing a student to achieve postsecondary education goals?

The student will review college information and will be able to discuss admission requirements and application deadlines with 90% accuracy by December of the current school year.

Immediately after a student is referred by a teacher for an evaluation for special education services, the school must

obtain consent from a legal guardian to test the student

Parents or public agencies filing due process complaints must do which of the following in compliance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

Address the identification, evaluation, and free appropriate public education provisions of IDEA

A fifth-grade special education teacher plans to diagnose and correct students' misunderstandings related to the topics in a social studies unit. The teacher can best achieve the goal by using which of the following types of assessments?

Formative

An IEP team is planning a meeting for a student whose guardian does not speak English. The case manager can ensure that the guardian is a full participant at the meeting by doing which of the following?

Ensuring that an appropriate translator is in attendance for the guardian

The IEP for a student with an intellectual disability contains the following science objective.

The student will use tools appropriately to measure time, temperature, and volume in 3 out of 4 trials.

Which of the following student activities most effectively addresses the student objective?

Following a recipe to bake a dozen muffins for the class in the school's kitchen

A teacher is developing a unit about dinosaurs when a colleague points out that the state learning standards for the grade level do not include learning about dinosaurs. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the teacher to take?

Examining the state standards to determine the expected learning outcomes

Several students in a high school inclusion class are impolite, impulsive, and emotionally immature. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to provide behavioral support to the students?

Having students role-play scenarios demonstrating behaviors

The mother of a child with Down syndrome expresses concerns about the child not being socially or emotionally ready to enter preschool. Which of the following teacher suggestions will best help the mother support her child's social and emotional development at home?

Establishing and following a predictable daily routine

According to IDEA, which of the following best indicates that a student may be eligible for special education services because of a specific learning disability?

Reading at least two grade levels below current grade placement

Which of the following is most likely to help prekindergarten through first-grade students with autism spectrum disorder transition successfully during daily routines?

Having a visual schedule of the day's events

Peggy is a seventh grader with cerebral palsy whose twin sister, Ginny, is a typically developing teenager. Ginny's friends often ask questions about Peggy, and Ginny is sometimes embarrassed by the questions. Which of the following is the best way for Ginny's parents and teachers to help Ginny respond when asked such questions?

Rehearsing with Ginny different ways of explaining Peggy's disability

A special education teacher uses flash cards to reinforce students' knowledge of sight words. The teacher acknowledges correct responses with verbal praise and high-fives and withholds praise for incorrect responses. Which of the following best describes the teacher's instructional approach during the activity?

Behavioral

During center time, several kindergarten students are using blocks and cardboard tubes to build a series of tunnels for marbles. One student decides to dump the box of marbles onto the blocks before the tunnels are finished. The students report the incident, and the teacher scolds the student who dumped the marbles. The student reacts by crying and refusing to return to the center. Which of the following stages of Erikson's psychosocial development is best illustrated by the events in the scenario?

Initiative versus guilt

Assessing the reliability of a test helps determine whether the test

produces consistent results

Roy is an eleventh-grade student with an intellectual disability. During his annual IEP meeting, Roy indicates that he wants to get a job and share an apartment within four years of graduating from high school. Which of the following IEP transition goals best supports Roy's goal?

Roy will be able to write a check to pay monthly rent and utility bills.

Which of the following accommodations can best help a first-grade student with a serious speech and language disorder communicate effectively?

Utilizing a picture and symbol board

Which of the following best indicates the primary purpose for incorporating the four blocks of literacy instruction—guided reading, self-directed reading, writing, and working with words—into daily instruction for students with cognitive disabilities?

Providing a variety of opportunities for reading and writing

Which of the following supplementary supports best helps a student with memory deficits improve executive functioning skills?

Providing a personal assignment notebook

A fourth-grade student with autism spectrum disorder struggles with retaining verbal instructions but does well with visual learning tasks. Which of the following strategies most effectively uses the student's learning strength?

Highlighting directions in color

What is the primary purpose of a behavioral intervention plan (BIP) ?

Formulating a program of action for teaching replacement behaviors

The availability of audiobooks is of greatest benefit for students with which of the following?

Dyslexia

A student moves about constantly, talks excessively, lacks persistence, and struggles to remain on task, but does not exhibit any specific delays or deficits. For which of the following disability categories is the student most likely to be assessed?

Other health impairment

Which of the following is considered atypical behavior for a kindergarten student?

Being unable to walk down steps independently by alternating feet

The best example of extrinsic motivation is the desire to

earn a token or privilege

Classwide peer tutoring is a research-based tutoring model that is most likely to be recommended by special education coteachers for which of the following reasons?

It can be applied within multiple environments with consistent results

Which of the following mandates that public schools must provide instruction and/or related services at the appropriate level and free of charge for a student with a learning disability?

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

According to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which of the following is a protection provided for students with a disability?

Ensuring that a student with a physical disability is included in physical education classes

A special education teacher and a general education teacher are coteaching a first-grade class composed of students with and without IEPs. All special education services are provided within the classroom. Which of the following best describes the most successful collaborative relationship between the teachers?

The special education and the general education teachers plan together and use dynamic grouping to ensure that students receive instruction from both teachers.

A second-grade student's IEP goal is to use nonverbal communication in the classroom to express the need for a five-minute break when becoming frustrated. Data from the first three weeks of the term show that the student used nonverbal communication no more than once a day when frustrated and was sent to the office several times for outbursts. Which of the following is the best next step for the teacher to take?

Meeting with the IEP team to discuss alternative interventions for the student

Which of the following classroom behaviors is likely to be more prevalent in girls with ADHD than in boys with ADHD?

A tendency to daydream

Students with learning disabilities and low levels of self-esteem are at greatest risk of developing which of the following conditions?

Depression

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest negative impact on the self-esteem of a student with Tourette syndrome?

Receiving reminders to stay calm, sit still, and refrain from making noises

Which of the following instructional approaches best demonstrates an inclusion teacher's understanding of lesson planning based on an approved curriculum?

Engaging students in standards-based classroom activities

A special education teacher tests students after a lesson on an important concept, and the students' test scores are very low. Which of the following reflective questions will best help the teacher determine whether the lesson plan was effective?

Did the test accurately assess whether the instructional objective was achieved?

A high school student who is blind is enrolled in a biology class that has a lab requirement. One of the curricular objectives is to make a labeled drawing of a cell when viewed through a microscope. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to assess the student's achievement of the objective?

Providing the student with a tactile model of a cell on which to locate and name its parts

To ensure that a student with a disability has access to the curriculum, a special education teacher is responsible for which of the following?

Determining which adaptations are necessary and appropriate

Which of the following is the most effective way to help a kindergarten student with a severe visual impairment make sense of daily activities in the classroom?

Creating a predictable environment with repetitive routines

An inclusion classroom reduces isolation for students with Down syndrome and provides them best with opportunities to observe which of the following?

Peers modeling social and communicative skills

Franz is a middle school student with autism spectrum disorder who is educated in a general education inclusion setting. Franz's IEP indicates he is to develop skills for independently participating in the daily class meeting. Which of the following supports will best help Franz achieve the goal?

Observing peers modeling appropriate classroom behavior

A student with a learning disability in reading comprehension and written expression struggles when asked to find the main idea of a nonfiction text. Which of the following types of graphic organizers is most likely to support the student's needs?

A 5 W's chart

Before writing a measurable IEP goal for a student, it is most important to consider the student's

skill level

A school district conducts a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) to evaluate a student who is exhibiting problem behaviors. A parent who disagrees with the results of the FBA has the right to request which of the following?

An independent educational evaluation

Which of the following is the best example of a Tier 3 intervention for a student who is struggling with learning math facts?

Working with a specialist daily on visual and tactile representations of math facts

Which of the following is a limitation of oral reading as a decoding assessment?

A student can guess words correctly using context clues or pictures

A special education teacher who uses running records to gather information about how well students are reading required texts is evaluating students by means of

an informal assessment

An elementary student with a language processing disorder scores poorly on a pretest for a science unit. Before retesting the student, the teacher edits the test and includes visual representations for many of the questions. By including visuals, the teacher is primarily doing which of the following?

Making the test questions accessible

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with an emotional disturbance?

Social withdrawal

Which of the following is best for collecting data about a student's inappropriate ways of communicating in an effort to determine what the student is actually communicating?

Functional behavioral assessment

Which TWO of the following assessments best help a teacher to determine whether a student with a specific learning disability in reading comprehension remembers and understands what he or she has read in a given text?

Asking the student about connections made before and after reading the text, Requesting that the student provide textual evidence to support answers to questions

Andrew is a ninth grader with a specific learning disability in reading who currently reads on a fourth-grade level. Andrew's listening and mathematics computation skills are on-level, but he struggles with story-based application problems. Which of the following accommodations is most appropriate for Andrew during an assessment of story-based application problems?

Administering the test orally to Andrew

Before proceeding with an evaluation to determine a student's qualification for special education services, the school must first

receive the parents' informed consent for the evaluation

A fourth-grade student, John, has been displaying signs of depression for several months. He is sad and anxious, neglects his schoolwork, and often feels ill and refuses to eat. Which of the following disability categories is suggested by John's behavior?

Emotional disturbance

Evidence-based research indicates that formative assessment is best utilized for which of the following purposes?

Supporting the progress of students while they are acquiring new concepts

The following is an excerpt from the Present Level of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP) statement of Juno's Individualized Education Program (IEP).

Juno is a ninth-grade student with a specific learning disability in mathematics. She has short-term memory and auditory processing deficits and receives instruction in a general education setting with the support of a special education teacher. She is organized, conscientious, and hardworking and works well with peers. Juno benefits from having copies of class notes and graphic organizers.

To best meet Juno's needs, which of the following is most likely to be included in her IEP's assessment modifications and accommodations?

Reducing the amount of information Juno needs to process on assessments

After an informal reading assessment it is determined that a third-grade student with a specific learning disability is reading on a second-grade level. Though able to decode words independently and make personal connections to the stories, the student still needs help with reading and understanding difficult texts. The student can best be described as which of the following?

A transitional reader

A student with Tourette syndrome experiences complex motor tics and vocalizations that adversely affect the student's educational performance. Which of the following disability categories best qualifies the student for special education services?

Other health impairment

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the rights of parents of children with disabilities?

Parents may file a due process complaint against the district if mediation is unsuccessful at resolving a dispute.

A student may qualify for a specific learning disability in which of the following areas if the student does not achieve adequately for his or her age when provided with learning experiences and instruction appropriately matched to state-approved grade-level standards?

Oral expression

A student with autism spectrum disorder displays inappropriate behaviors. To best ensure that the interventions designed for the student are most effective, the student's special education teacher is responsible for doing which of the following?

Including opportunities for skill practice in unstructured surroundings

Which of the following accommodations is most appropriate for a first-grade student with dysgraphia who struggles with handwriting and benefits from tactile cues?

Providing various types of raised-line paper

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a teacher to help middle school students with intellectual disabilities increase academic engagement and time on task?

Being well prepared and rehearsing expected classroom procedures

A student with significant cognitive disabilities has the following IEP short-term objective.

By December, the student will correctly decode a list of ten age- and grade-appropriate multisyllabic words with at least 90 percent accuracy three times a week.

The student's teacher uses formative assessments to track progress toward the goal. In November, the teacher notices that the student is decoding lists of ten multisyllabic words with a 30 to 40 percent accuracy rate. Which of the following teacher actions is most appropriate?

Adjusting ongoing instructional activities to promote the student's success

A student has a speech disorder characterized by repetitions and disruptions in the production of speed sounds. The disorder seriously interferes with the student's ability to communicate effectively across a number of activities at home and school. The student is likely to qualify for speech therapy for which of the following?

Fluency disorder

A task analysis for which of the following is likely to be most effective for a student with autism spectrum disorder who is having difficulty transitioning from preschool to kindergarten?

Following the classroom morning routine

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a parent to motivate a child with a learning disability to achieve academic success?

Setting realistic expectations

A second grader is an emergent reader who cannot read text independently. Which of the following instructional strategies is likely to be most appropriate when introducing a new science topic from an approved text written on a second-grade level?

Providing the grade-level text in audio form

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a kindergarten teacher to ensure that a student with fine motor deficits will be able to work on the tasks at the literacy center?

Providing various-sized pencils, pens, grips, and slant boards

A special education coteacher has been working with third-grade students on writing and reviewing complete sentences. Which of the following tasks is most appropriate to use to assess whether students are ready to begin lessons on paragraph writing?

Composing a short writing sample for a narrative prompt

By midyear a student, Joseph, reaches 95 percent accuracy on all benchmarks related to one of the math goals in his IEP, as measured by a twice-weekly teacher test. Based on the information, the IEP team is most likely to recommend which of the following?

Focusing on the remaining mathematics goals in Joseph's IEP

Adrian, a student with an emotional disorder, refuses to sit at his desk and insists on sitting on the floor. The behavioral intervention team determines that the behavior has an attention-seeking function. Which of the following will best help decrease the floor-sitting behavior?

Refusing to pay attention to Adrian until he sits at his desk

A teacher is preparing a science unit about sea life for an inclusion kindergarten class. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to help the students acquire background knowledge for the unit?

Teaching students vocabulary at a sensory table with sand, shells, plastic fish, and water

A student with autism spectrum disorder is successful with addition and subtraction number-fact problems but struggles to use the facts when purchasing lunch in the cafeteria. Which of the following best accounts for the student's struggle?

Difficulty generalizing from one setting to another

A seventh-grade student with a specific learning disability is functioning below grade level and is in an inclusion science class. The student is provided with a customized science curriculum. The changes made to the science curriculum are known as

modifications

For a whole-group shared reading activity, a teacher develops on-level, below-level, and above-level sets of comprehension questions. By considering the students' various comprehension levels, the teacher best demonstrates an understanding of the importance of which of the following?

Differentiated instruction

A fourth-grade student with moderate-to-severe intellectual disabilities has difficulty writing whole numbers when requested. The teacher initially uses hand-over-hand guidance and later transitions to touching the student's elbow to confirm correct number formation. The teacher's approach to skill reinforcement is known as

hierarchy of prompts

Which of the following is a research-based, self-management, intervention strategy that helps students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) learn to independently regulate their own actions and react appropriately in a variety of home, school, and community-based situations?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which of the following is a required component of an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) for a child with developmental delays?

A list of relevant, specific, and measurable short-term outcomes

Ms. Jackson is a special education teacher who is coteaching with a team of second-grade teachers in full-inclusion classrooms. Which THREE of the following are most likely to be Ms. Jackson's primary responsibilities?

Serving as the case manager and drafting IEPs for the students on her caseload, Adapting classroom materials as stated in the adaptations and modifications section of an IEP, Collaborating with the classroom teachers on the team to develop lesson plans

A third-grade teacher is having difficulty determining why a student is struggling with reading and writing. The most appropriate professional for the teacher to consult is the

reading specialist

Eleanor is a student with a learning disability who struggles with expository writing. She is learning to focus on the stages of the writing process during assignments. Which of the following ways of recording self-monitoring data is most appropriate to teach Eleanor?

Using a checklist

Which of the following is the most appropriate use of exit slips in a coteaching setting?

Gathering information about students' current understanding

Which of the following is the most appropriate formative assessment to give at the end of a first lesson on solving two-step word problems?

Giving students three to five minutes to respond to a question using the new skills

A student with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has difficulty staying on task during independent work. Which of the following tools is likely to be most effective in helping the student recognize and replace off-task behaviors?

A daily self-monitoring chart

A middle school student with a mild intellectual disability has difficulty transitioning between tasks and relies on teacher redirection. Which of the following strategies is most likely to help the student act independently during transitions?

Creating a picture schedule to guide the student through the day's activities

A second-grade student with a recent traumatic brain injury has reduced stamina during classroom writing tasks. Which of the following accommodations is most appropriate to address the student's needs?

Allowing rest breaks during writing time

A special education teacher who gives frequent progress monitoring assessments is most likely doing so to

modify instructional interventions

A middle school student with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has unpredictable mood swings, panic attacks, and low self-esteem. To best support the student, teachers need to implement interventions that address which of the following conditions?

Anxiety disorder

An occupational therapist (OT) is unable to attend the initial IEP team meeting for a student with a traumatic brain injury. To meet federal requirements, the OT should provide the IEP team with which of the following before the meeting?

Detailed recommendations for environmental modifications

Average intelligence, poor listening and reading comprehension skills, and difficulty with productive writing tasks are most characteristic of which of the following?

Specific learning disability (SLD)

A third-grade student is referred for evaluation to determine eligibility for special education services. The student's full evaluation is reviewed by a team of professionals who determine that the student is eligible for special education services. The parents also agree with the decision. Which of the following best identifies the next required step?

Developing an Individualized Education Program

The most significant limitation of certain evidence-based fluency assessments is that they do not

indicate a student's ability to comprehend the text

Following the completion of a running record on a student diagnosed with a specific learning disability in reading, which of the following pieces of information is a teacher most likely to analyze first?

Errors made in reading

Jade is a 13-year-old student with disabilities who considers a classmate, Mac, her friend. Mac, however, makes fun of Jade when she is not around. Jade feels betrayed when she realizes that Mac makes fun of her. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for their teacher to address the bullying?

D.Teaching Jade how to assertively advocate for her own needs in social situations