t3 theoretical interpretation

marx vs neo Marx

marx focus on economic differences between the pros and bourgs

neo marx combine cultral differences

neg marx

1 adorno - socialise masses into passive states where we are distracted away from the real problems of capitalism

• this breaks down communal bonds and try to dumb down out thinking

• write about the same scandal for ages eg ‘Philip scofield’ instead of the rising immigration or tax inflation

• due to mass media making people passive they are less likely to become ‘class conscious’

• deliberate addictive algorithms

• infinite scroll/ procrastination

2 hallyer

• to control our understanding of reality and induce appropriate values amongst the public

• mark Zuckerberg doesnt censor false news/ doesnt censor some posts but not others

• allows fake news to circulate

• hallyer see this fake news as a ‘threat to our democracy’ and to the integrity of free elections

• spreading misinformation undermines demarcation freedoms

3 so that data can be harvested and sold

• cambridge analytica

• illegally harvested 50 mill Facebook accounts to sell/ use in the USA 2016 presidential elections that ended up in Trumps victory

• this illegal use of data influenced democracy and the outcomes of elections

• the sale of data from platforms like Facebook increase the companies data whilst the individual whose data haas been unconcentfully sold obtains nothing

4 to control people

• snowden

• young man working for USA gov secret service found that his own gov and other western Govs were breaking the law

• he provided details on how the us and uk gov were illegally monitoring/ spying on citizens internet, email, phone activity

• the gov agencies Snowden worked for easdropping on millions of citizens, politicians and companies using digital spying techniques

• they collected data from anyone they wanted w/o warrants or legal permission

• snowden was so outrages at the breach of trust and law breaking that he stole thousands of gov files to prove it was happening then risked his life to break the story

• hes not a wanted man

• the use want to charge him with treason and he has taken refuge hiding in Russia

• the Snowden files were the biggest intelligence leak in US history

5 to maximise profits

• Digital companies make huge amounts of money yet pay little tax

• global tech companies act as the bourg and pay little to no tax

• tax laws inevitable protect the rich and exploit the poor

• googles tax avoidance in 2006 the uk launched a probe into googles hundreds of millions unpaid taxes

• it ended in 2016 when google finally agreed to pay £130 million

• tech giants exploit their market dominance in order to maximise profits whilst maintaining low pay for workers

pos marx

castells

• Digital networks can empower masses

• eg Arab uprising when people mobalised/ spread the ideas using digital networks

• they uploaded films of police brutality to YT allowing them to spread their own news

• recently the increase is ICE agents deporting ppl randomly outside graduations and ppl are posting their own news online

• this allows the pros/ disenfranchised to have more access to info and they could successfully organise a revolution against their authoritarian Govs

• castells is positive about the ways that media can rectify inequalitites

• allowing citizens in democracies to mobilise and gives masses more power

• EG BLM

Fems pos

haraway - new tech should be embraced by feminists as a solution to women’s oppression

• future tech may help break down gender dualities

• women were already sidelined before 1918, and if women fail to embrace tech they risk being sidelined again

• EG when apple developed its health app the developers (all male) failed to include a period tracker

• if women are not at the tables where tech is being produced, tech will only develop in a very masculine way

• knowledge = power

• tools that powerful use against us can and should be reclaimed to liberate ourselves

ebert

• harraway downplays the way in which tech is controlled by the ruling class

• she fails to see how capitalism is more powerful

• marx explain gender inequalities are used to msintsin capitalism

• they set em against each other, genders, races, and pros

fourth wave feminism

digital media allows for muted women group to express their views

• mums net.com

• metoo project

• endfgm

• Digital medias can be used to reduce the risk of women being essentialised

Nakamura

• women from EM have made particularly good use of the internet and digital tech for jobs and networking

walter

hyper sexualised culture

sarkeesian

damsel is distress

• promote traditional roles for women

pm

• Katz and sugiyama: consumerist choice

• giddens: detraditionalisation, embedding,

boellstroff - multiple identities

jurgenson - augmented reality

neg:

• bauman - identities are becoming fragmented, short lived, fluid, digitalisation has led to uncertain and unstable identities

• baudrillard, false hyper reality in todays society, we have lost grip on reality and it is harder to defrenciate wat is real or hyper reality