Chapter 15: State Building & the Search for Order

AP Euro Unit 3

Louis XIV

King of France, established reforms that cut France’s deficit and promoted industrial growth

Edict of Fontainebleau

Louis XIV's 1685 law striking down the Edict of Nantes and making Protestantism (and especially Huguenots) illegal in France

Test Act

Only Anglicans could hold military and civil office

John Locke

English author of "Two Treatises of Government" which supported the idea that humans were born with freedom and equality in nature

Absolutism

The belief that a monarch/ruler has absolute power, accompanied by the "divine right of kings"

Cardinal Richelieu

French minister to Louis XIII who helped strengthen the monarchy

Thomas Hobbes

English author of "Leviathan" 1651 which supported the idea of a powerful leader to keep people from destroying one another, guided by self-preservation

Peace of Westphalia

1648 treaty that ended the Thirty Year War and returned the Holy Roman Emire to Charles V's Religious Peace of Augsburg idea of "as ruler goes religion" but extended this to include Calvinist

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Louis XIV's finance minister who promoted mercantillism and fostered French manufacturing

Thirty Years’ War

1618-1638 religious & political struggle in the holy roman empire

The Glorious Revolution

1688-1689 Parliament replace pro-Catholic james II with William and Mary proving that in England Parliament was more powerful than the Monarch

Peter the Great

Russian Tsar 1689-1725 whose policy of Europeanization included reorganizing the government, the military, the church and the economy and was designed to make Russia a power

Gustavus Adolphus

King of Sweden, laid the foundation of the modern Swedish state and made it a major European power

Jacques Bossuet

Divine-right monarchy advocate whose book "Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture" said kings only answerable to God and therefore should have absolute power

Moliere

Enjoyed favor of french court and benefitted from patronage of king louis XIV, Tartruffe, ridiculed religious hypocrisy

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Baroque architect; Completed the Saint Peter's Basilica

Rembrandt van Rijn

Greatest Dutch realism painter

Peter Paul Rubens

Flemish painter, famous for his inventive and dynamic paintings of religious and mythological subjects

William Shakespeare

Greatest British dramastist of the late 1500s early 1600s

Mannerism

An artistic style that emerged in the late Renaissance, characterized by exaggerated proportions, unusual color schemes, and a sense of tension and instability.

Baroque Art

Art movement of the 17th and early 18th century supported by the Catholic Church that emphasized boldness, shadows, and emotion

Judith Letzter

First female painter admitted to the Guild of St. Luke in Haarlem, painted Dutch Realism, scenes from everyday life

Petition of Right

Maintained that the King could pass no new tax without the consent of Parliament

Edict of Restitution

Calvinism was illegal, lutherans had to return church land they gained

Peace of Utrecht

Ended War for Spanish Succession by allowing a Bourbon (Phillip V) on Spanish throne, giving French lands in Canada to England, and Spanish lands in Italy to Austria

Peace of the Prenees

1659 treaty between Spain and France which marked the end of Spain's power and dominance

Treaty of Karlozitz

1699 treaty that gave Ottoman lands in SE Europe to Austria thus creating the Austrian Empire

Peace of Nystadt

Ended Great Northern War and gave much Swedish-controlled land in Baltics to Russia

Janissaries

Fierce Ottoman Empire warriors who'd been born Christian but raised Muslim

Sejm

The Polish Legistature during the 1600-1700s

Treaty of Ryswick

Ended Nine Years War between France and a European coalition