Biology: Chapter 6- Capturing and Using Energy

Metabolism

the building and breaking down of carbon sources to harness/release energy

Anabolism

building of molecules from smaller units, requires an input of ATP; have positive change in G

Catabolism

breakdown of molecules into smaller units, producing ATP; have a negative change in G

Phototroph

obtains energy from the sun

Chemotroph

obtains energy from chemical compounds

Autotrophs

covert carbon dioxide into glucose

Heterotrophs

must ingest other organisms/molecules to obtain carbon

ATP

cells do not use all at once and package it into a chemical form that is accessible to the cell, composed of adenine, 5-carbon sugar ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

ADP

contains only 2 phosphate groups

AMP

contains only 1 phosphate group

Chemical Energy of ATP

held in bonds connecting the phosphate groups, phosphate groups are negatively charged and tend to repel each other, when bonds between groups are broken the PE they once had is released for the cells to do work

Gibbs Free Energy: Endergonic Reaction

when products of a reaction have more free energy than the reactants, change in G is positive, require an input of energy

Gibbs Free Energy: Exergonic Reaction

when products of a reaction have less free energy than the reactants, negative, release energy; example is ATP hydrolysis