A&P: Introduction to the Human Body

Chapter One

Anatomy

Deals with the structure (aka morphology) of the body and its parts

Phsiology

Studies the functions of the organized structures in the body

Atom

Microscopic particles that are the simplest unit of organization

(ex. hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.)

Molecules

Two or more atoms that are joined together

(H20=Water)

Macromolecules

Many molecules joining together to create a larger unit

Cells

Basic unit of structure and function required life

Tissue

Organization of cells that perform a similar function

Organ

Group of different tissues that interact and perform specialized functions

ex. Heart

Organ System

Groups of different organs that function closely together

ex. Cardiovascular System

Organism

Multiple organ systems working togther to create a living being, a multicellular living thing

All the Organ Sytems

• Integumentary System

• Lymphatic System

• Skeletal System

• Digestive System

• Urinary System

• Muscular System

• Nervous System

• Endocrine System

• Respiratory System

• Reproductive System

• Cardiovascular System

Appendicular

Upper and Lower limbs

What are the major features of the human body?

Cavitites, membranes, and organ systems Cavities,

Axial

Includes the head, neck, and trunk

Axial Portions

Contains:

• Cranial Cavity

• Vertebal Canal

• Thoraic Cavity

• Abdominoplevic Cavity (abdominal and pelvic)

What are organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities called?

Viscera

What divides the thorax into left and right that is within the thoracic cavity?

Mediastinum

What is a broad, thin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Diaphragm

Oral Cavity

Contains teeth and tongue

Nasal Cavity

Located within the nose, divided into right and left portions, air-filled sinuses connect (frontal and sphenoidal sinuses).

Orbital Cavities

Eyes and Associated skeletal muscles and nerves

Tympanic or Middle ear cavities

Contains middle ear bones

Anatomical Position

Body standing (aka erect) facing forward, with upper limbs at sides and palms facing up/forward.

Describes the location of one part of the body relative to another.

Bilateral

Both right & left sides

ex. The patient sustained bilateral ankle fractures at the time

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body

ex. A tumor in a brain hemisphere may affect vision the ipsilateral eye (right hemisphere-right eye)

Contralateral

On the opposite side of the body

ex. The hemisphere (right and left) of brain controls movement of the contralateral sisde of the body (right hemisphere-left side of the body)