pediatrics exam 1 - assessment/health promotion

what is the goal of pediatric assessments?

early detection (allows for quicker implementation of treatment)

what are important differences between an adult assessment and a pediatric assessment to consider when conducting one?

the parent is required to relay health information + growth and development are still occurring

when do you stop following a child’s head circumference?

2 years

when do you begin a lead screen questionnaire?

6 months

this is used to screen for development delays within the first 5 years of life -

Denver Developmental Screening Tool

when would it be appropriate to use the Denver Developmental Screening Tool?

in children at risk for developmental delays (medical or environmental factors)

How is the Denver Development Screening Tool used to educate parents?

provides a way to show parents what stage of development their child is in and therefore what their child’s capabilities are

what is the disadvantage of the Denver tool?

relies solely on parental report - may be inaccurate

when is the Denver tool used?

between 4 months an 60 months of age

a father calls you to inform you that their 3 month old infant is running a fever of 101 - what is the appropriate response?

report this to the physician (any fever over 100.4 in an infant under 3 months should be reported to a physician)

what is the benchmark temperature for children over the age of 3 months?

102 degrees F

while you assessing a child, you notice that they occasional have premature heart beats - what is the appropriate response to this?

nothing - this is very common in children and teens

how do infants and young children normally breath?

diaphragmatic

what is the normal age you should begin assessing a child’s blood pressure?

3 years old

a child asks you if their vaccine will be painful, how should you respond?

be truthful - tell them what level of pain to expect

when is the first time a child has a hearing screening done?

at birth

what is a babies vision at birth?

20:200

what topics should you focus on when educating a new parent on infant safety?

aspiration/choking, car seat safety, supervisor baby in any body of water, cover electric outlets

when should infants start wearing sunscreen?

6 months

how much do infants sleep within a day? at night?

14-18 hours a day; 9-11 hours a night

an infant has a sudden episode of apnea accompanied by color change, limpness, and choking/gagging - what do you suspect?

BRUE (brief resolved unexplained event)

what is the main treatment for BRUE?

treat underlying cause (GERD, seizures, lower respiratory disorders)

a new mother asks why its so important for her to breastfeed her infant every 2-3 hours, what is an appropriate response?

an infants stomach is not large enough to sustain food for extended periods of time; breastmilk, while nutritious, is very thin and does not keep the infant full for long

what supplementation is needed while breastfeeding/bottle feeding?

Vitamin D

what does breastfeeding help prevent?

rickets

how long can breast milk be left in the fridge?

five days

what is a common complication that occurs as the stores of iron from mom stare to fade?

physiological anemia

what is the extrusion reflex?

when something touches a babies tongue, they stick their tongue out

when does the extrusion reflex go away?

4-6 months

a mother asks you how she knows when her baby is ready for solid food, what are some signs you could inform her of?

extrusion reflex is gone, baby has good head control and can sit up with support

when do you start testing for allergies in infants if there is a concern?

4-6 months (if IGG is present)

when can a parent stop providing vitamin D supplementation?

when the infant intakes 32oz of breastmilk a day

when can babies start having water?

1 year old

what are foods should a 6 to 12 months avoid?

chocking hazards, cow’s milk, plant based milk, honey

should individuals let babies fall asleep with a bottle in their mouth?

no

when should you educate a parent to start taking their child to the dentist?

at age 3

what is the expected vision of a toddler?

20:50

a child can ride a tricycle and catch a ball - what age do you suspect they are?

3 years old

how long should a child be put in time out?

1 minute for each year of age

what is a common indicator for a child being ready for potty training?

bowels are first; they become aware of the need to defecate

what is an important ability to assess for in a child before suggesting the beginning of potty training?

ability to dress and undress

what suggestion would you give to a parent who is worried their toddler is not eating enough?

leave foods out to eat when they want to (food jags/physiological anorexia) - they don’t want to eat they want to play

what should/shouldn’t toddlers drink

should: whole milk (fat); shouldn’t: juice (too much sugar)

how much sleep should a school aged (6 year old) child be getting?

10 hours a night

when do children start loosing deciduous (baby) teeth?

5 years old

what should be monitored during girl’s teenage years due to menses?

hemoglobin and iron

a parent calls you and states that they believe their child accidently consumed a poisonous substance - what do you recommend them to do?

call poison control