Gene mutations Khan Academy

What does the central dogma of molecular biology state?

Genetic information in a cells stored in the form of DNA

• DNA - RNA - Protein

What are mutations?

Mistakes in a cell’s DNA that leads to abnormal protein production

What are the different types of mutations we need to know?

• Point Mutation

• Frame shift mutation

• Non-sense Mutations

• Missense Mutations

• Silent Mutation

• Conservative Mutation

• Non-conservative mutation

What are point mutations?

When one of the DNA bases is replace with another

What is a frame-shift mutation?

When you add a nitrogen base to the DNA sequence

What mutation affects the cells DNA?

• Point Mutation

• Frame-shift Mutations

What are nonsense mutations?

Any genetic mutation that leads to the RNA sequence becoming a stop codon instead

What are missense mutations?

Any genetic mutation that changes an amino acid from one to another

What are silent mutations?

When the mutation does not affect the protein at all

What are conservative mutations?

When the same amino acid is the same type as the original

What are non-conservative mutations?

A new amino acid is of a different type from the original

What is deletion mutation?

A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from DNA.

What is transition mutation?

A point mutation where a purine replaces a purine or a pyrimidine replaces a pyrimidine.

What is a transversion mutation?

A point mutation where a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa.