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institutional theory of art

art is defined by the experts in the ‘artworld’. art critics are specialists in art and should be the ones to decide what is and isn’t art.

Humes theory of beauty

competent judges. , open-minded, sensitive, attentive, clear headed, perceptive, and they must perfect these qualities through practice and experience. competent judges decide if something is beautiful or not

autonomism

moral flaws don’t affect aesthetic value

moralism

moral flaws decrease aesthetic value of art

immoralism

moral flaws increase the aesthetic value of art

hermeneutics

branch of philosophy that deals with interpretation

schleiemacher

the language and history of the time are the context within which the invidiual texts need to be interpreted

dilthey

The audience should develop “imaginative sympathy” with the painter’s intentions. We should “re-live” their lives to understand their work. We can ultimately achieve objective understanding of people in different times and cultures

gadamer

Author -> Text -> Audience. Text is a place of interaction between author and reader. Challenged the idea that we could ever achieve objective understanding of a text

Each of us exists within our own horizon of historical consciousness, understanding comes from a fusion of horizons between author and reader. We give the work of art new meaning through our interpretations. Subjectivity.

john stuart mill

He developed the harm principle, which states that the “only purpose that power in a society should be exercised over somebody against their will is to prevent harm to others.”  Or put another way: one should be free to act however they wish, as long as they are not endangering anybody else.

jeremy bentham

panopticon

surveillance asymmetry

Difference in knowledge/power between ‘the watchers’ and ‘the watched’. Watchers – law enforcement, businesses, government etc.

hobbes

state of nature is solitary, nasty, brutish and short

locke

state of nature means no government but still mutual obligation, belives in natural (irremovable) rights to life, liberty and property

rosseau

state of nature is idyllic with complete freedom and harmony. blamed trappings of modern society for mankinds problems

social contract theory

An implied agreement between the state and the populace, whereby the people hand over certain freedoms and agree to certain codes of conduct in exchange for protection and security.

locke and the social contract

Locke argued the Social Contract is only legitimate to the extent that it meets the general interest.

Rights come from agreeing to the contract and accepting responsibility for following its rules

Locke believed the social contract worked through tacit consent – if you benefit from society then you have tacitly (implicitly) agreed to the burdens that society may place upon you

He believed that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power).